Unit 4 Multicellularity & Homeostasis (Biology)

Metazoans are multicellular, we come from

a single cell

Metazoans are heterotrophs, we ____

receive organic material from the environment

All metazoans have similar ____ and ____

developmental genes through genome and environmental adaptations

Adjacent plant cells are connected by ___

plasmodesmata

Adjacent animal cells communicate through ___

gap junctions

Gap junctions are crucial for ____

electrical activity

Multicellularity enables ___ but also is ___ on it

specialization, dependent

Multicellularity increases ___

survival

Being a larger organism allows for the ability to ___ and ___

prey and resist forces in nature

Cellular specialization means that specialized cells ____

work together in a tissue

Multiple tissues functioning together

organ

Multiple organs working together

organ system

List the four steps that enabled multicellularity

cell clustering, intercellular communication, specialization, organization into tissues

The downside of multicellularity is that some cells lose the ability to ____

live independently

Extracellular fluid is ____

between organs

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

homeostasis

A feedback loop is a cycle of events when a body condition is ___, ___, and ___

monitored, evaluated, and changed

Negative feedback ___ change in variable and returns a value ____

opposes, back to its set point

Positive feedback ___ change in variable

increases

Examples of positive feedback

Child birth, blood clotting

Positive feedback (is/is not) homeostatic

is not

In a feedback sensor, the stimulus is detected by a ___ and sent to the ___

receptor, control center

The control center is usually the ___ or ___

nervous system or endocrine system

After a stimulus is sent to the control center, the control center ____

signals effectors

Effectors may be ___ or ___

cells or organs

Effectors cause ___ ___ that ___ variable to ___ homeostatic range

physiological responses that return variable to normal homeostatic range

The hypothalamus is often considered the ___ ___

mammalian thermostat

Vasodilation is ___ blood flow and heat ___

increased blood flow and heat loss

Vasoconstriction is ___ blood flow and heat ___

decreased blood flow and heat conserved