C805 Pathophysiology

MRSA

Red, swollen, may look like a boil with pus. Also skin rash or sore. Transmitted usually skin to skin.

Malaria

Fever, chills, sweating and other flu like symptoms. Transmitted by Mosquito

Staph Infection

This disease has collection of pus, boil or abscess at site

Active Immunity

immunity that results from the own production of antibodies

Passive Immunity

immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies from another person or animal

Malignant Tumors

tumor that invades surrounding tissues, likely to cause death

Benign Tumors

mass of cells (tumor) that lack the ability to invade neighboring tissue or metastasize

metastasis

development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer

Near Drowning

breathing fluid or not enough oxygenated blood

Asphyxiation

lack of oxygen coupled with accumulating carbon dioxide in the blood

Allergies

Nose hairs, sneezing, inflamed nasal passages, watery eyes

Closed Fracture

break in bone, skin intact

Open or compound fracture

break where wound is leading downto fracture ; or bone breaks skin

Simple fracture

break in the rib that is broken into two parts

Comminuted fracture

shattering break

Impacted fracture

bone is broken with one end forced into the interior of the other

Incomplete partial fracture

fraction line does not include the whole bone (stress fracture)

Greenstick fracture

bone partially bent or split; occurs with soft bones

Colles fracture

break in the end of the radius in wrist; often occurs when the wrist is extended to break a fall

Common Dislocations

shoulder, hip, jaw, knee, spine and elbow

Sprain

stretching/tearing of ligaments

Strain

stretching/tearing of muscle or tendon

Rickets

bow legs, delayed growth

Osteomalacia

softening and weakening of bones in children, usually due to inadequate vitamin D.

Gout

Disease of uric acid metabolism, typically joint pain in big toe. Deposits will build up around joints. Characterized by , kidney stones, urea in blood and renal dysfunction.

Herniated disk

Common on site L4-L5, disc pushes on nerve causing discomfort in low back. Symptoms to include severe back pain, parasthesia.

Plantar fasciitis

inflammation of a thick band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes.

Paget's Disease

High rate of bone turnover, bone is replaced by coarse, irregular bone.

Lordosis

curving inward of the lower back. also called sway back. Affects lumbar / lower spine

Kyphosis

forward rounding of the back. also called hunchback, affects upper thoracic

Scoliosis

sideways curvature of the spine.

Osteoporosis

bones become brittle and fragile

Osteoarthritis

flexible tissue at the ends of bones wears down. Bone on bone sound can be heard, minimal inflammation

Fibromyalgia

Widespread pain in muscles, ligaments or tendons. There will be tender points on body

Myasthenia gravis

weakness and rapid fatigue of muscles under voluntary control. Drooping eyelids, diffuculty swallowing, difficluty speaking.

rheumatoid Arthritis

chronic inflammatory disorder affecting many joints, including those in the hands and feet.

Acne Vulgaris

occurrence of inflamed or infected sebaceous glands, characterized by red pimples or black heads

Fever blisters - Herpes

Infection with the herpes simplex virus; pale vesicles appearing individually or in clusters

Impetigo

highly contagious skin infection that causes red sores on the face.

Herpes Zoster

aka shingles, reactivation of the chickenpox virus in the body

Eczema

patches of skin become rough and inflamed, with blisters that cause itching and bleeding, sometimes resulting from a reaction to irritation

Decubitus Ulcers

bed sores, from lying in one position too long so that the circulation in the skin is compromised by the pressure

Keratosis Pilaris

skin colored bumps that may form rough patches, typically cosmetic condition

Furuncle

painful, pus-filled bump under the skin caused by infected, inflamed hair follicles.

Warts

small, fleshy bump on the skin or mucous membrane caused by human papillomavirus.

Urticaria (wheal)

hives, generally caused by allergic immune response. Round and red, can cover small area or large.

Rosacea

condition that causes redness and often small, red, pus-filled bumps on the face.

Scabies

contagious, intensely itchy skin condition caused by a tiny, burrowing mite.

Skin cancer

Can be either basal (most common, rarely metastisize) or squamos (uncommon metsastisize)

Tinea pedis

fungal infection that usually begins between the toes, aka athletes foot

Vitiligo

disease that causes the loss of skin color in blotches.

Transients CVA's

temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, mini stroke

Hemorrhagic CVA's

ruptured blood vessel causes bleeding inside the brain

Hematoma

solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues

Subdural Hematoma

pool of blood between the brain and its outermost covering

Concussion

brain injury caused by a blow to the head or a violent shaking of the head and body

Contusion

tissue beneath surface of brain is bruised. Blood will accumulate

Head Trauma

any sort of injury to your brain, skull, or scalp

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

ALS/ Lou Gherig's, nervous system disease that weakens muscles and impacts physical function

Alzheimer Disease

progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions

Bells Palsy

Sudden weakness in the muscles on one half of the face

Peripheral neuropathy

Weakness, numbness, and pain from nerve damage, usually in the hands and feet

Parkinson Disease

disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, often including tremors, slow progression

Multiple Sclerosis

disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves; transient motor and sensory disturbances

Meniere's Disease

inner ear disorder that causes episodes of vertigo

Untreated Ear Infections (Otitis Media)

inflammation of the middle ear, If not treated, serious consequences such as temporary or permanent hearing loss

Otosclerosis

formation of new bone growth

Glaucoma

condition of increased pressure within the eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight

Cataracts

condition in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque, resulting in blurred vision

Retinal Detachment

when part of the eye (the retina) pulls away from supportive tissue

Folic Acid anemia

Lack of Vit. B12. Megaloblasts present. Characterized by weakness, fatigue, anorexia, pallor, forgetfulness, irritability, and diarrhea

Pernicious anemia

Lack of Vit. B12. Megaloblasts present. Characterized by dyspnea, palpitations and tingling in extremities.

Iron-deficiency anemia

Excessive blood loss, small RBC formation

Aplastic anemia

develops when damage occurs to your bone marrow, slowing or shutting down the production of new blood cells. Megakaryocytes present

Aneurysm

enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall

Thrombus

a blood clot

Embolus

piece of blood clot, air bubble, piece of fatty deposit, or other object that has been carried in the bloodstream

Benign / Essential Hypertension

Persistent elevated BP, vague symptoms of light-headedness, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), nocturia, a tendency to tire easily, and palpitations

Malignant hypertension

Extremely high blood pressure 180 and above, damage will usually occur to kidney and eyes.

Botulism

Symptoms include blurred or double vision, slurred speech, drooping eyelids, difficulty swallowing, and muscle weakness

HIV

Predominantly infects cells called T4 cells, symptoms are general persistent lymphadenopathy; weight loss; fever; fatigue

Influenza H1N1

Seasonal flu symptoms; fever, cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, body aches, and headaches

Lyme Disease

Tick illness, bulls eye pattern

Shingles

Reactivation of the chickenpox virus in the body, causing lesions on trunk of body

Rubella

distinctive red rash that starts on face and can spread to other parts of the body

Varicella

highly contagious viral infection causing an itchy, blister-like rash on the skin

Viral hemorrhagic fever

illness in that is very stable via aersol route, affects multiple organ systems in the body.

West Nile virus

mosquito born infection that spreads in blood, diagnosis by clinical picture

Atherosclerosis

Build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls. Symptoms can include pain/cramping in lower leg

Angina Pectoris

Burning, squeezing, and tightness in the chest; may radiate to the neck and the left arm and shoulder blade. ECG may show ischemia

Myocardial Infarction

Heart attack, pain starts in chest and may radiate to arm, neck and jaw. Can be confused with indigestion. Typically a med hist. of CAD and chest pain present.

CAD (coronary artery disease)

Inadequate blood supply to portions of the myocardium(heart muscle). immediate symptom is angina

Atrial Fibrillation

Quivering or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) that can lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure. Heart feels like its racing along with palpitations.

Tachycardia

Abnormal fast heart beat

Bradycardia

Really slow heart beat

Congestive heart failure

Heart doesn't pump blood as well as it should. Symptoms include tachypnea, palpitations, edema, weight gain, diaphoresis, and cyanosis. May be given Digoxin to help pump blood.

Mitral

Obstructed flow from Atrium to Ventricle. Abnormal heart sounds. Symptoms can include; dyspnea, fatigue, palpitations, peripheral edema, atrial fibrillation

Aortic

Blood flow back into the left Ventricle. Can be caused by Endocarditis. Symptoms can include; Dyspnea, angina, fatigue on exertion, and palpitations

Endocarditis

Infection of inner lining of heart chambers and heart valves. Vegetation may be present.

Pericarditis

Sharp and often sudden pleuritic pain that increases with deep inspiration. Characterized by orthopnea, dyspnea, and tachycardia. Auscultation will reveal grating sound. Rheumatic fever, hypothyroidism