History Unit 1 Test 1

Where was the Battle of Panipat 1526?

India

Who fought in the Battle of Panipat 1526?

Babur (First Mughal) and Ibrahim Lodi

Who fought in the Battle of Hormuz 1507?

Portuguese Empire and Turkish/Arab Traders

Where was the Battle of Hormuz 1507?

Hormuz

Who fought in the Battle of Tenochtitlan 1521?

Spanish Empire and Aztec

Where was the Battle of Tenochtitlan 1521?

Mexico

Who fought in the Battle of Cusco 1533?

Spanish Empire and Inca

Where was the Battle of Cusco 1533?

Peru

Who fought in the Battle of Constantinople 1453?

Ottoman Empire and Byzantine Empire

Where was the Battle of Constantinople 1453?

Turkey

Who fought in the Battle of Chaldiran 1517?

Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire

Where was the Battle of Chaldiran 1517?

Iran

Who won the Battle of Panipat 1526?

Babur and the Mughals (Moguls?)

What land changed hands? How did this impact the empire involved? (Battle of Panipat 1526)

Babur and the Mughals gained control of Northern India and the city of Delhi; It established the Mughal Empire, which grew in territorial size and gained control of important trade routes. The Mughals brought Islam into India. The Sultanate of Delhi collapsed.

What motivated the empires to engage in battle? (Battle of Panipat 1526)

Babur wanted the city to extend his territorial control from Afghanistan to the Punjab region of India-it was a very wealthy land and trade center.

Who won the Battle of Hormuz 1507?

The Portuguese

What land changed hands? How did this impact the empires involved? (Battle of Hormuz 1507)

The Portuguese gained control of the port city of Hormuz and the trade routes both land and sea that went through it- they did not advance far into the interior of the territory; The Portuguese victory was a major step in the development of their global trade empire. It helped them dominate trade from the East to Europe- Their victory negatively impacted the Arab merchants in the area and the Portuguese had to regularly defend their land

What motivated the empires to engage in battle? (Battle of Hormuz 1507)

The Portuguese were motivated by a desire to control the valuable trade routes and products coming from the East into Europe- they wanted to weaken the Ottoman Empire and the Arab merchants.

Who won the Battle of Tenochtitlan 1521?

The Spanish Empire

What land changed hands? How did this impact the empires involved? (Battle of Tenochtitlan 1521)

The Spanish captured the capital city of Technocitlan and slowly gained control over the remainder of the Aztec Empire; The Spanish victory was a major step in the growth of the Spanish Empire in the New World and began their dominance over the territory for the next 300ish years-it added great wealth to their kingdom- the Aztec empire ceased to exist.

What motivated the empires to engage in battle? (Battle of Tenochtitlan 1521)

Hernan Cortez was motivated by personal glory, the Spanish were motivated by a desire to convert people to Christianity and to control resources like gold and silver, the Aztec were trying to defend their homeland

Who won the Battle of Cusco 1533?

The Spanish under Francisco Pizarro won the battle

What land changed hands? How did this impact the empires involved? (Battle of Cusco 1533)

The Spanish captured the capital city of Cusco and the land of modern day Peru. They eventually controlled all of what was the Incan Empire; The Spanish victory was another major step in the growth of the Spanish Empire in the New World and began their dominance over the territory for the next 300ish years-it added great wealth to their kingdom. The Incan empire ceased to exist

What motivated the empires to engage in battle? (Battle of Cusco 1533)

The Spanish recognized the abundance of wealth in the Inca territories and thus invaded it in order to gain it

Who won the Battle of Constantinople 1453?

The Ottomans under Mehmed II won the battle

What land changed hands? How did this impact the empires involved? (Battle of Constantinople 1453)

The Ottomans gained control of the city of Constantinople and the surrounding land that was not yet under their control; The Ottomans gained control of a very important trade center and trade routes. The Ottomans also gained control of a very valuable city which they made their capital. The Byzantine Empire ceased to exist.

What motivated the empires to engage? (Battle of Constantinople 1453)

The Ottomans were motivated by the desire to end the Byzantine Empire which was a Christian Empire. The Ottomans were als motivated by the wealth the city of Constantinple possessed, as well as the importance of the location of the city.

Who won the Battle of Chaldiran 1517?

The Ottomans under the Sultan Selim I won the battle

What land changed hands? How did this impact the empires involved? (Battle of Chaldiran 1517)

The Ottomans gained control of the eastern Anatolian peninsula, northern Iraq, the city of Tabriz and the Mesopotamian region. The Safavid lost all this land and their capital which was at Tabriz; The Ottomans gained control of important trade routes and the important trade center of Tabriz. The Ottomans also successfully expanded their empire to the east. The expansion of the Safavid empire was halted and Shah Ismail I went into a long period of personal depression, which created internal turmoil in the Safavid empire causing it to weaken.

What motivated the empires to engage? (Battle of Chaldiran 1517)

The Ottomans were motivated by a regional rivalry and the desire to force the Safavid rulers to follow Sunni Islam, which they saw as the correct version of Islam. The Safavids wanted to expand their empire to the west and continue to practice Shia' Islam.

Importance of trade routes and trade centers

Trade routes and centers allowed for items such as spices to be reached in places that don't produce. They also allowed for cultural diffusion. Those who controlled them had power and wealth, and also controlled was and wasn't allowed to be traded.

Desire of Europeans to change the trade paradigm

Europeans wanted the power and resulting wealth that would come from controlling trade.

Motivations for expansionism

exploratory, economic, political, ideological, and religious

Describe the impact the Battle of Cuzco and the Battle of Tenochtitlan had on the empires involved

In both battles, the Spanish defeated the Inca Empire and the Aztec Empire and took control of the land from the empires and expanded their territory. Both of these battles were battles where the Spanish defeated what were once powerful empires. They both resulted in the Spanish's cultural diffusion over the land they acquired.

Describe the impact of non-European technologies had on the "rise of the west"

Non-European technologies played a pivotal role in the "rise of the west." With innovations from mainly China and India, the English were able to expand their economy and military. One example of this is the adoption of gunpowder, allowing them to modernize their military and guns. Another example of this would be the adaption of the triangular allowing the military to have greater maneuverability when moving on the water.

Describe mercantilism and how it impacted European and non-European societies.

Mercantilism is an economic system in the 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing the accumulation of wealth, protectionist policies, colonial expansion, and state intervention in the economy. Mercantilism impacted societies because they all focused on how to accumulate the most wealth. For example, the Mughal empire required foreigners to trade with precious metals in order to grow their wealth. It affected the Europeans societies because it caused them to want to expand their power by adopting the innovations of other societies.

Describe the impact the Battle of Hormuz had on east-west trade

The Portuguese who won against the Turkish and Arab traders were motivated by a desire to control the valuable trade routes and products coming from the East into Europe. The Portuguese gained control of the port city of Hormuz and the trade routes both land and sea that went through it, resulting in disruption of the trade routes.

Explain the role the Ottoman Empire played in east-west trade

Due to the location of the Ottoman Empire, it played a central role in east-west trade. Because the Ottoman Empire was in the center of the trade routes, most trade went through the empire. This resulted in the Ottoman Empire becoming a central hub for trade, attracting many traders to it.

Describe what motivated various empires to engage in battle with other empires

Empires engaged in battles with others primarily for territorial expansion, economic gain, and the pursuit of power and influence. These motivations were driven by a desire for wealth, access to resources, strategic advantages, and the ambitions of rulers, leading to conflicts and struggles for dominance throughout history.

Explain the role of Constantinople in east-west trade.

Constantinople sat on the Silk Road and was a meeting point for commerce between Europe and Asia. Because it was easy to defend, the city became a frequent destination for traders, and thus the city and the empire accumulated vast amounts of wealth.

Explain how the desire of Portugal and Spain to change the trade paradigm impacted the global economy

Portugal and Spain's quest for new sea routes inadvertently led to the discovery of the Americas and the Columbian Exchange. This exchange of goods, crops, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds reshaped the global economy, fostering globalization and transforming trade, demographics, and economic systems.