Studied by 31 people
1493: Both the Spanish and Portuguese began to lay claims on America leading to disputes over land
1494: The Pope decided to draw a line to resolve the differences called the Treaty of Tordesillas
West of the Line to Spain, East to Portugal following the treaty, Spain under Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztecs and Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas
The Spanish crown gave land to explorers
Explorers were also given the Natives living on the land!
Explorers had to pay taxes, protect the "subjects", and spread Christianity
Spanish thought of Natives as "inferior" people and began to abuse them through the Encomienda System by forcing Natives to do harsh labor
Spanish priest who in 1542 convinced the Spanish King to end Indian slavery through The New Laws of 1542
Thought that the Indians were morally equal to the Spanish since they were under the Spanish crown
However, traditional Spaniards pushed the King back to repeal New Laws
Significance: Sparked the conversation of whether it was moral/right to enslave colonized people
Debate in Spain to decide whether the enslavement of Indians was justified
Decision was that Natives would still be mistreated under Spanish rule
Native Americans in English settled territory were not in large numbers like the Aztecs
Initially Natives taught English how to grow crops and hunt
However, English saw them as "savages" and had constant battle conflicts with them
Encomienda System
Treated Natives poorly, with no respect
However, the French befriended the Native populations and established a strong fur trading system
Helped the French to become part of native society; making a strong base for the French in the New World
harsh lives
slaves were auctioned off to the highest bidder as domestic servants
lived on little food and in dreary huts
suffered beatings
lifelong and hereditary conditions
Slave work in the Caribbean expanded beyond plantations and they engaged in almost every craft and retail business
Many had great independence--required to pay only a little price to live where and with whom they pleased with little or no supervision
1620: The first agreement for self-government in America
It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony
Empires were impressive
For example, the Incas had a political system, paved roads, empire consisting of 6 million
All without a writing system, paper, or the wheel
Another example, Aztecs' capital (Tenochtitlan) had a population of 200,000
Survived mainly on a staple crop... Maize (corn)
Weather? Mostly dry
Resource? Buffalo
Need to move? Mobile society based on buffalo population; Largest population was the Lakota Sioux
Environment? Rivers, lakes, and fertile soil
Need to move? No, Hunting, Fishing, and Permanent Villages; Example: Indian Mounds - built larger settlements which enabled trade from surrounding tribes; Cahokia Tribe Built the largest mounds
Environment? Fertile land... means lots of food
Need to move? No, agricultural and hunting societies were formed; Longhouses
Environment? Fishing
Need to move? They are going to stay put
Wealth, improvements in technology, religious conflict
Faster route to Asia (Columbus)
Religion: Anglicanism (Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay), Puritan control
Economy: Shipbuilding, trade, fishing, and whaling
Religion: Religious freedom ordered by King James I
Economy: farming of wheat especially and exported agricultural goods along with other natural resources
Religion: No dominant religion
Economy: Agriculture through tobacco mainly and exported wheat, maize, indigo, rice, grain, fruit, livestock, and tobacco
Religion: Religious freedom
Economy: Agriculture was very strong and traded for things that were not able to be produced
Indentured Servants
Slaves
American Indians
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England
They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay
1676: Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion against Berkeley's government and succeeded in defeating the governors forces
Army disassembled when Bacon died of dysentery, but was a step in the right direction of colonials resisting authority
New economic concept of obtaining wealth from foreign lands (colonies) to help boost a nation's economy
Focused mainly on greater exports than imports
Huge expression of the individual religious belief among societies in the colonies
With the different Protestant beliefs being accepted in the colonies, there was a call for separation of church and state
The Great Awakening focused mainly on self-spiritualism rather than Church Doctrine... making colonists question ministers authority and ultimately political authority
Religious colleges began to form as well (mainly ivy league schools)
Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony
Instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy
Speaker of "City upon a hill"
Questioned doctrines of Puritan authorities
Antinomianism: Faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation
Founded Portsmouth after being banished from the Bay colony
killed in an American Indian uprising
All foreign goods exported to the Colonies had to go to England first (England could tax the ships at their ports before going to the colonies)
Most Colonial goods could only be exported to England - no free trade (Significance in the relationship with England)
BAD!! - Colonists struggled to make money since foreign markets were closed
The first important act pushing the colonies toward independence
