Crown-led movement initiated by King Henry VIII primarily to secure an annulment and establish a church independent of Rome.
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Henry VIII
King who initiated the English Reformation to secure a male heir and an annulment from Catherine of Aragon, leading to the creation of the Church of England.
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Catherine of Aragon
Henry VIII's first wife, from whom he sought an annulment because she only had one surviving daughter, Mary.
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Anne Boleyn
The woman Henry VIII wished to marry, which was a key motive for his break with Rome.
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Pope Clement VII
The Pope who delayed Henry VIII's annulment, due to his alliance with Spain.
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Church of England
Created by Henry VIII, it became independent from Rome but remained largely Catholic in doctrine and liturgy under his reign.
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Edward VI
King whose short rule (1547-1553) significantly Protestantized the Church of England, introducing reforms like sola fide and English sermons.
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sola fide
The doctrine of justification by faith alone, a key Protestant reform introduced during Edward VI's reign.
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Mary I (Mary Tudor)
Queen (1553-1558) who sought to restore Roman Catholicism and was known as "Bloody Mary" for executing over 300 Protestants.
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Elizabeth I
Queen (ascended 1558) who prioritized stability and compromise, establishing the moderate Protestant Church of England through the Elizabethan Settlement.
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Elizabethan Settlement
A moderate Protestant Church of England created by Elizabeth I, subordinate to the state and deliberately ambiguous to accommodate different beliefs.
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proto-Protestants
Early reformers like John Wycliffe and the Lollards who called for changes