Mendelian Genetics

Punnett

________ square: a diagram to predict the outcomes of a cross between two individuals and their traits.

Genotype

________: the gene sequence that determines the characteristics of an organism.

Phenotype

________: the detectable characteristic of an organismMendelian Principles.

Monohybrid cross

________: a cross between individuals that differ in only one trait.

Dihybrid cross

________: cross between individuals that differ in two traits.

The product rule

the probability of two independent events occurring together can be calculated by multiplying the individual probabilities of each event occurring alone.

The sum rule

the probability of the occurrence of one event or the other event, of two mutually exclusive events, is the sum of their individual probabilities (applied when  considering two mutually exclusive outcomes that can come about by more than one pathway).

Dominant traits

traits that are inherited unchanged in a hybridization.

Recessive traits

traits that become latent, or disappear, in the offspring of a hybridization, but reappears in the progeny of the hybrid offspring

homozygous

a gene with two identical alleles on their homologous chromosomes

heterozygous

a gene with two different alleles on their homologous chromosomes