APUSH Chapter 30 Vocabulary

Scientific Management

A system of industrial management created by Frederick W. Taylor; emphasized stopwatch efficiency to improve factory performance.

Fordism

A system of assembly-line manufacturing and mass production named after Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company and maker of the Model T car.

United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

A black nationalist organized founded in 1914 by Marcus Garvey to promote resettlement of blacks to their homeland and simulate a separation of black economy within the U.S.

Bolshevik Revolution

The second stage of the Russian Revolution in November 1918 when Lenin and his Bolshevik party seized power and made a communist state. First stage was when revolutionaries overthrew the Russian czar.

Red scare

A period of intense anti-communism. The “Palmer raids” of Attorney General Mitchell Palmer resulted in six thousand deportations of people suspected of “subversive” activities.

Criminal syndicalism laws

Passed by many states during the red scare, these laws outlawed the advocacy of violence to secure social change. Speaker of the IWW-International Workers of the World-were targets.

American plan

A business-oriented approach to worker relations among firms in the 1920s to defeat unionization. Managers wanted to strengthen their communication with workers and give benefits like pensions and insurance.

Immigration Act of 1924

Known as the “National Origins Act,” it made quotas for immigration to the U.S. Immigration from southern and eastern Europe was sharply reduced, whilst immigrants from Asia were shut out.

Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

Signed into law by President Coolidge, it granted citizenship to all American Indians born in U.S. territories. It was short of give the franchise to Indians.

Eighteenth Amendment

It prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages, ushering in the era known as prohibition.

Volstead Act

Enforced the Eighteenth Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

Racketeers

People who gained money by fraud, bootlegging, gambling, or threats of violence. They invaded the ranks of labor in the 1920, when gambling and gangsterism was high in American life.

Bible belt

A region of the American South, extending from North Carolina west to Oklahoma and Texas, where Fundamentalism, belief in literal interpretation of the Bible were strong.

Scopes Trial

A court case that took place on the issue of whether evolution could be taught in public schools. Brought Christian fundamentalists against modernists, who won the case, but were ridiculed by the press.

Fundamentalism

A Protestant Christian movement emphasizing the truth of the Bible and opposing religious modernism, it sought to reconcile religion and science.

Modernism

In response to the demanding conditions of modern life, this artistic/cultural movement revolted against Victorian standards and accepted chance, change, contingency, uncertainty, and fragmentation.

“Lost Generation”

A circle of American artists and writers, who found shelter and inspiration in post-World War I Europe.

Harlem Renaissance

An outpouring among black writers, jazz musicians, and social thinkers, centered around Harlem in the 1920, it celebrated black culture and advocated for black recognition in social, political, and intellectual life.

Bureau of the Budget

An agency created in 1921 to oversee the federal budget and keep federal government spending within guidelines, imposing a process for fiscal discipline.

Adkins v. Children’s Hospital

A major Supreme Court decision that reversed Muller v. Oregon, and said that women were not deserving of special protection in the workplace.

Nine-Power Treaty

Agreement from Washington, that pledged Britain, France, Italy, Japan, the U.S., China, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Belgium to abide by the Open Door policy in China. The Five-Power Naval treaty of ship ratios and Four-Power treaty to preserve the status in the Pacific also came out of the conference.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A triumph of the 1920s peace movement, this 1928 pact linked 62 nations in the “outlawry of war.”

Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law

This tariff protected domestic production from foreign competitors. As a result, many European nation had to increase their own trade barriers.

Teapot Dome Scandal

An affair involving the illegal lease of priceless naval oil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming, and Elk Hills, California. The scandal was on of many that gave Harding’s administration a reputation of corruption.

McNary-Haugen Bill

A farm-relief bill that was championed through the 1920s and aimed to keep agricultural prices high by allowing the government to buy surpluses and sell them abroad. It was passed twice, and vetoed by Coolidge in 1927 and 1928.

Dawes Plan

Arrangement negotiated in 1924 to reschedule German reparation payments. It stabilized the Germany currency and opened the way for more American private loans to Germany.

Agricultural Marketing Act

It made the Federal Farm board, a lending bureau for struggling farmers. It also aimed to help farmers through new producers’ cooperatives.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

The highest protective tariff in the history of the U.S., passed as a result of horse trading. To the outside world, it looked like ugly economic warfare.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929, when over 6 million shares of stocks were sold on Wall Street. It was a trigger of the Great Depression.

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns were victims of the Great Depression slept under newspapers and makeshift tents. Their visibility tarnished the reputation of the Hoover administration.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

A government lending agency that made the Hoover administration in order to help insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and local governments. A precursor to other agencies that grew out of the New Deal and symbolized a recognition by the Republicans that action was required.

Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act

It banned “yellow-dog,” antiunion, work contracts and forbade federal courts from issuing injunctions to quash strikes and boycotts. It was an early piece of labor-friendly legislation.

Bonus Expeditionary Force (BEF)

Known as the Bonus Army, twenty-thousand veterans marched on Washington to demand immediate payment of bonuses earned during World War I.