BioMedical Technology 5.00 Infectious Diseases Practice Questions

Which symptoms usually result from infection by helminths?

diarrhea and abdominal pain

Which organism would MOST LIKELY cause an opportunistic infection?

candida (yeast)

A contributing factor to the emerging Bacterial disease Legionaires was:

cooling and plumbing systems

Tetanus vaccines may be administered to protect one from an orgnanism whose reservoir is:

soil

Pasteurizing (Heating) milk and dating it for sale reflects what public health program?

food safety

Which antibiotic can be prescribed for tuberculosis?

Rifampin

An infectious disease in considered to be re-emerging when it is:

Once occurred, greatly declined, then increases in incidence

The reason public health vaccination programs work is because:

a pathogen cannot reproduce itself enough to maintain disease in the population (Herd Immunity)

What are Superbugs?

Strains of bacteria that are resistant to several types of antibiotics

Which action MOST likely leads to antimicrobial resistance?

overuse and misuse use of antibiotics

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug that has proven successful in the treatment of:

genital herpes

Herd immunity

the pathogen is not able to reproduce itself enough to maintain a disease in the population

An example of a viral disease with a long latent period that uses an enzyme to copy itself into a host cell

AIDS

Chain of Infection

infectious agent leaves its reservoir or host through a portal of exit, is transferred by some mode of transmission, and enters through an appropriate portal of entry to infect a susceptible host

Opportunistic infection

An infection that usually happens in people with weakened immune systems or in people on antibiotics

Lyme Disease

Disease with long history, can cause flu-like symptoms, joint pain, and inflammation

Attenuated Vaccine

A live vaccine, can't be given until at least age of one, example chickenpox, measles etc.

Trichinosis

Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, muscle pain, and fever. Transmitted by eating raw or undercooked contaminated meat.

Malaria

Parasite infection, symptoms are fever, chills, fatigue, and headaches

West Nile Virus

Fever, headache, body aches, skin rash, and swollen lymph nodes. Severe symptoms and signs may include stiff neck, sleepiness, disorientation

What is direct contact?

touching, kissing

How does rabies spread?

through rodent bites

What is the host of reservior for yersinia pestis?

rodents and humans

What is an opportunistic infection?

infections caused by pathogens that attack with opportunities such as weakened immune system

2 examples of re-emerging diseases

tuberculosis, malaria

agency that will handle global or pandemic diseases

WHO

amantadine is used to treat:

flu

best way to protect your way from infection

wash your hands

What is one example of protozoan disease?

malaria

protozoan diseases found primarily

contaminated food or water, or mosquito bites

Symptoms for helminthes:

abdomen pain, diarrhea

Where are the bacteria tetanus clostridium primarily found?

soil, dirt

Name a disease that we are commonly vaccinated against:

mmr --> measels, mumps, rubella

Killing insects with pesticides in one of the best ways to get rid of?

Vector born diseases

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics will lead to?

Antimicrobial resistance

A person taking antibiotics is very susceptible to an?

Opportunistic infection

Cool water is the best to use for washing hands?

false

Acyclovis is an antiviral drug that is used to treat genital herpes?

true

What is still a leading cause of death worldwide?

Infectious diseases

Cooling and plumbing systems was the contributing factor in legionnaries?

true

Rifampin is one of the antibiotics used to treat tuberculosis?

true

SARS is an antiquated disease?

false

Ricin is classified as a bacterium?

true

Guinea worm disease is also known as?

Dracunculiasis

The FDA, USPS and NIH are all branches of the U.S public health services?

false

Public health can be improved with biomedical research?

true

One of the main reasons vaccination programs work is that a pathogen cannot reproduce itself enough to maintain disease in the population?

true

Erythromycin is a antibiotic can be considered toxic over long period of time?

true

Water is filtered and chlorinated to ensure it is safe to dring and use?

true

The inflammatory response is a nonspecific defense mechanism which involves which signs and symptoms?

swelling, redness, elevated body temperature and pain

Susan was bitten by Anopheles mosquito and tested positive for malaria. What type of pathogen has caused this infection?

protozoans

Globally, what is the lading cause of death?

infectious disease

A farmer reports that a cow on his farm began acting strangely and died a short time later. A brain tissue sample showed holes throughout the tissue. Which infectious agent is MOST LIKELY responsible?

prion

What is MOST LIKELY a reason for a decline in vaccination rates within the U.S. over the past ten years?

fear that vaccines cause autism

The body's process to becoming resistant to a particular disease AFTER acquiring the disease from a vaccination is termed

acquired immunity

Which are the symptoms of the West Nile virus?

fever, headache, body aches, and continued fatigue weeks to months after exposure

What is the leading cause of death in underdeveloped countries?

infectious diseases

What public health measure to prevent infectious disease can decrease the occurrence of rabies?

animal control programs

Some infectious diseases are NOT virulent. What is meant by this statement?

the disease is not likely to spread and cause multiple people to get sick

Which microorganism has someone who develops Legionnaire's disease been exposed to?

bacteria

The last documented case of this illness was recorded in 1977; therefore, children within the U.S. are not longer routinely vaccinated for what condition?

small pox

Molly was diagnosed with trichinosis. How did Molly MOST LIKELY acquire this disease?

eating raw/undercooked meats

Maria went swimming in a freshwater lake where snail larvae infected with Schistosoma are common. Maria later experienced a rash accompanied with diarrhea and abdominal pain. What is MOST LIKELY causing these symptoms?

helminths

A bacterial infection can be treated using what medical intervention?

antibiotic medication

Once pathogens have entered the host, adhered to host cells, and invaded host tissues what also occurs within the body prior to a disease being diagnosed?

the pathogen inflicts damage on those tissues

Tuberculosis is considered re-emerging because this infection has shown resistance to ___ medications

antibiotic

The World Heath Organization has identified measles and polio as the targeted disease for global eradication. These diseases could one day be:

be completely eliminated

When analyzing the term antibiotic, the literal definition refers to the destroyer of ___

life

Why does the U.S. NOT vaccinate against waterborne illnesses?

these illnesses mostly exist in developing countries

A team of researchers is dispatched to South America to study the occurrence of the Zika virus within that region's population. This is an example of what kind of research?

epidemiological studies

What is the mode of transportation of chickenpox, measles, and influenza?

airborne

Bacteria use what process to reproduce quickly?

binary fission

Cancer patients rely on the public to have what type of immunity to protect them from disease?

herd immunity

A baby contracts herpes encephalitis during childbirth from the mother. Which mode of transmission BEST describes this viral transfer from a mother to her offspring?

vertical transmission

Marcus has HIV and was recently diagnosed with Pneumocystis cairn pneumonia. What term BEST describes this new diagnosis?

opportunistic infection

The NIH, CDC, and FDA are all divisions under which federal agency?

Department of Health and Human Services

Which statement is true about rabies?

rabies occurs through direct contact, is typically spread from animals to humans, and is controlled by dog licensure

Which group of symptoms is MOST common for tuberculosis patients?

cough (sometimes blood-tinged), weight loss, night sweats, and fever

Rifampin is a medication commonly prescribe to treat

tuberculosis

Milk pasteurization is an example of a/an ___ program

food safety

Amelia was diagnosed with pneumonia and later developed a vaginal yeast infection. The yeast infection would be considered a/an

opportunistic infection

Humans are the only organism affected by the measles virus. What role in the chain of infect do humans play in this cycle?

reservoir

Which illness currently has an attenuated vaccination available?

chickenpox

Natural defense mechanism within the body include tears, saliva, and

mucus and nasal membrane secretions

Acyclovir, used commonly to treat shingles, herpes simplex, and chickenpox, is grouped into which drug category

antiviral medications

What is the MOST common reservoir for the Clostridium tetani pathogen?

soil

Which disease has occurred throughout human history but has only recently been recognized as a distinct disease due to the infection's potential to spread to the heart, joints, and nervous system?

lyme disease

Requiring vaccinations to attend school helps create what type of preventative action for immunity?

herd immunity

Which level of law mandates sewage treatment?

federal