Enlightenment (pt.2)

who was involved in Shays rebellion

Farmers, many revolutionary war vets, led by Daniel Shay against Massachusetts government

why did did the Shay rebellion occur

severe post war debt, high taxes, lack of paper money, the state government's refusal to provide debt relief, leading to the seizure of farms and imprisonment of veterans

When did shays rebellion occur

Late 1786 into 1787 in western + central mass

what occurred during the Shays rebellion

A violent insurrection, including attacks on courthouses to prevent debt collection and an attempted raid on the federal arsenal in Springfield.

What was the outcome of Shay rebllion

forcing economic concessions and exposing the extreme weakness of the national government under the Articles of Confederation

Who created the Bill of rights

James Madison

When was the Bill of rights put into motion?

it was ratified in 1791, has been in affect since

Why Is the bill of rights a thing

To protect individual liberties + limit power of gov

First Amendment

Freedom of religions, speech, press, and assembly

Second Amendment

right bear arm

Third Amendment

no quartering of soldiers

Fourth Amendment

freedom from unreasonable search and seizure

Fifth Amendment

right to plead the fifth freedom from self incrimination

Sixth Amendment

right to a speedy and public trial

Seventh Amendment

right to civil trial by jury

Eighth Amendment

freedom from excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment

ninth amendment

rights that are not listed aren’t subjected to being violated

Tenth Amendment

powers not delegated to federal government are reserved to the states or the people

Thirteenth Amendment (1865)

Abolishes slavery and involuntary sevitude, except as punishment for crime

Fourteenth Amendment (1868)

Grants citizenship to all person born or naturalized in the U.S, including former slaves also includes due process law which prohibits state/local governemnt from depriving any person of life liberty or property q/out due process of law

Fifteenth Amendment (1870)

prohibits federal and state government from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race,color, or previous condition of servitude

what is the background of Marbury v. Madison

Marbury was appointed justice of the peace by John Adams shorty before he left office, Jefferson took office an ordered James Madison not to deliver the appointment

What did Marbury argue in Court

Pettitioned supreme court to order mandamus to compel Madison to deliver comission, argued Judiciary Act of 1789 gave the supreme court the right tissue the writs

what was the Marbury v. Madison case rule

Marbury was entitled to his commission however the supreme court cannot expand in their jurisdiction because they are limited by the constitution

What is judicial review

power of courts to examine actions of legislative, executive, and administrative branches of government to see if actions are consistent with constitution

Invisible hand theory

The concept that individuals pursuing their own self-interest—such as profit—unintentionally promote the good of society by producing goods and services that others value.

What is the compromise of 1850

aimed to resolve disputes over slavery in newly acquired territories during the mexican-american war

California position in 1850s compromise

admitted as a free state; major victory for anti slave forces, upset balance between free state + slave states in Senate

Texas position in 1850s compromise

its border was adjusted; it gave up Western +northern land clais fedral government assumed state debts

Utah and New Mexico’s position in 1850s compromise

based off popular soverignty; residents could choose

Washington DC

outlawed selling & buying slaves within though people could still legally own slaves

how was the fugutive slave act affected in 1850s compromise

Made it a federal crime to assist run-away slaves required law enforcement in free states to help capture and return them to owners

Jhon C Callhouns opinion on 1850s compromise

South Carolina senator who strongly opposed the compromise

what were the outcomes of bleeding Kansas

increased sectionalism and the collapse of the whig party and rise of republican party which opposed the expansion of slavery

What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act

allowed territories in Kansas and nebraska to decide whether to allow slavery through popular sovereignty repealing the Missouri comprimise

What is bleeding Kansas

violent, chaotic period of guerilla warfare in the Kansas Territory caused by the Kansas-Nebraska Act's

Kansas residents

Proslavery and anti slavery settlers rushed to kansas to establish rescidency and influence the vote

in the end was Kansas determined a free state?

it eventually entered the union as a free state in 1861 just before the start of the Civil war

When did the Civil war start

1861-1865

whats a confederacy

Southern states the seceded from the union, led by president Jefferson Davis

whats a Union

the United States of America led by Abrahaham Lincoln

Emancipation of proclamation

issued by Abraham Lincoln in 1863, declaring slaves free in confederate territories

When was the battle of Gettysburg fought

July 1st - July 3rd 1863

Battle of Gettysburg impact

it shifted the momentum of the war in favor of the union, paving the way for eventual union victory in 1865

Who spoke at the Gettysburg adres

Abraham Lincoln he delivered a speech honoring the fallen union soldiers

What did Lincoln emphasize during the adress

the nation was found on the principle that all men are created equal argued the Civil war was a test to the nation

What is Realism

aims to depict the world accurately focuses on everyday life and ordinary people,strives to present truthful representation of society

What is Naturalism

incorporates scientific determination, writers believe that human behavior is determined by hereditary and environmental factors, depict chapters as products of their circumstances

Who created federalist # 10

James Madison

What does James Madison address in the essays

How to guard against Factions he argued that Factions are inevitable due to the nature of man differing opinions in society;

What are the ways James Madison belives to control Factions

1.) He dismisses the idea of removing the cause; because it would require to destroy liberty which is essential to every citizen

2.) focus on controlling the effects of faction through well-designed republic; belives a republic is equipped better to control Factions than small democracy

what is a faction

a small organized dissenting group within a larger one, especially in politics.