human bio lecture 8 the liver

What is the primary role of the liver in maintaining blood cholesterol levels?

The liver moderates the amount of cholesterol in the bloodstream and produces HDL and LDL.

Define 'albumin' and its significance in the blood.

Albumin is a blood protein produced by the liver that helps maintain blood osmolarity.

Which blood vessel brings blood from the intestine to the liver?

The hepatic portal vein.

What are hepatocytes?

Hepatocytes are the main cells in the liver, responsible for most of its functions.

What is the function of the hepatic duct?

The hepatic duct conducts bile made by the liver away from the liver.

What is the role of transferrin in iron transport?

Transferrin is a glycoprotein that transports iron in the blood.

How does hepcidin regulate iron levels in the body?

Hepcidin binds to ferroportin, preventing the release of iron into the bloodstream when iron levels are high.

What are the two types of lipoproteins produced by the liver?

High density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL).

Where is the liver primarily located in the body?

In the lower half of the rib cage, primarily on the right side.

What happens to iron when red blood cells die?

When red blood cells die, they release their iron into the bloodstream.

What is the main function of the liver regarding glucose homeostasis?

The liver releases glucose in response to glucagon and takes up glucose in response to insulin.

Define 'ferroportin' and its role in iron metabolism.

Ferroportin is a transmembrane transporter that allows iron to leave cells to enter the bloodstream.

What mineral is crucial for red blood cells to transport oxygen?

Iron is essential for red blood cells to transport oxygen.

What can lead to an increase of iron in the body?

Absorption from diet, release from dying red blood cells, and iron release from liver storage.

What occurs when blood iron levels are too low?

Hepcidin release decreases to allow more iron to enter the bloodstream.

How is bile involved in digestion and waste removal?

Bile, produced by the liver, aids in digestion and helps remove waste.