Unit 1-The Later Middle Ages (1350-1550)

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William of Occam (ca. 1285-1349)

wanted seperation of church and state, wanted limited government

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economic effects of the black death

economic and social instability by drastically reducing the workforce in medieval Europe. The labor shortage also led to prices rising, and laborers demanding higher wages. The economic struggle caused serfdom to end in western europe, as landlords were moving over to rents and payments

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Joan of arc

peasant girl who led french army to victory over the english in the 100 year's war. Tried as a witch and killed after.

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Marsiglio of Padua

Wanted teh church to be subordinate to the state, said church shouldn't be run by the pope, but by a council of clergymen

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John Wycliff

Criticized the church & believed in personal interpretation of scripture.

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Jan Hus

The leader of the Czech religious reforms, and the spiritual founder of the Protestant reformation in the 1500's. He was convicted by the Council of Constance for heresy.

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Growth of vernacular and new colleges and universities helped what?

helped spread literacy

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flagellants: confraternities

people who saw black death as gods wrath and whipped themselves: small groups where people devoted themselves to chrisitanity

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babylonian captivity

The period from 1309 to 1376 when the popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome, making the papacy subject to french kings.

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great schism

political divides that occured in europe after the papacy returned to rome in 1377, selection of new pope ended it in 1417 with the council of constance

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Social effecst of the black death.

1/3 of europes population killed, wealthier people flee the cities. peasants rebelled to poor quality of life and high taxes: English Peasants Revolt in 1381, Jaquerie in France 1358. Fur collar crime occurs with nobles and peasants. People start to marry later because they weren't stable until later in life.

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100 years war

England vs. France; Joan of Arc unified France and won it for them.

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Ethnicity changes at the time

Europeans started caring more about being "pure blooded", some countries denying citizenship to those who couldn't prove pure blooded ancestry