Radiation Safety and Biology – Comprehensive Study Guide (Exam 1)

A set of flashcards covering key terms, concepts, and definitions related to radiation safety and biological effects for exam preparation.

Roentgen (R)

Measures exposure in air from ionization by x-rays or gamma rays.

Rad (Radiation Absorbed Dose)

Conventional unit for absorbed dose in tissues or materials.

Rem (Roentgen Equivalent Man)

Unit for equivalent or effective dose, accounting for radiation type and biological effect.

Gray (Gy)

SI unit for absorbed dose, where 1 Gy = 100 rad.

Sievert (Sv)

SI unit for equivalent/effective dose, where 1 Sv = 100 rem.

ALARA

As Low As Reasonably Achievable; principle to minimize radiation exposure.

Film Badge Dosimeter

A small film that darkens in response to radiation dose, providing permanent records.

TLD (Thermoluminescent Dosimeter)

Uses crystals to trap electrons which release light when heated; reusable and accurate.

OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescent)

Uses Al₂O₃ crystals that release stored energy when stimulated by a laser.

Geiger Counter

An instrument used to measure ionizing radiation; must be calibrated and checked regularly.

Dose Limits

Maximum allowed radiation exposure for workers and the public; varies by category.

Declared Pregnancy Policy

Regulates radiation exposure limits for declared pregnant workers to protect the fetus.

Transport Index (TI)

Indicates the dose rate of a radioactive package at 1 meter in mR/h.

Half-Value Layer (HVL)

Thickness of material needed to reduce radiation intensity by half.

Inverse Square Law

Describes how the intensity of radiation decreases with increasing distance from the source.

Radiation Area Signage

Indicates radiation levels in controlled and restricted areas to ensure public safety.

Radiation Safety Officer (RSO)

Individual responsible for ensuring compliance with radiation safety regulations.

Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE)

Sum of deep dose equivalent and committed effective dose equivalent.