Science State and Properties of Matter

Flashcards covering the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas), their molecular arrangements, and specific physical properties like hardness, malleability, viscosity, and elasticity.

Matter

A substance that has mass and occupies space, existing in various states.

Solid state

A state of matter characterized by a definite shape and definite volume, where molecules are held firmly by strong forces of attraction.

Liquid state

A state of matter characterized by a definite volume but no definite shape, where molecules are farther apart than in solids and can move freely, taking the shape of their container.

Gaseous state

A state of matter characterized by no definite shape and no definite volume, where molecules are very far apart and move freely with weak attractive forces, expanding to fill any container.

Atoms

Tiny particles that make up matter.

Molecules

Groups of atoms that make up a material with distinct and unique properties.

Force of attraction between molecules

The strength with which molecules are held together, influencing a material's state and properties.

Hardness

The property of solid matter to resist scratching or abrasion.

Malleability

The ability of solid materials to be pressed, hammered, or rolled into various shapes and sizes without breaking.

Brittleness

The tendency of a material to be easily broken into pieces.

Elasticity

The property of solid materials to be stretched when pressure is applied and return to their original length and shape when the tension is removed.

Strength

The property of a material that determines its durability and resistance to wear and tear.

Viscosity

The resistance of a liquid to flow, where liquids that flow slowly are described as viscous due to strong intermolecular attraction.

Definite Shape

A characteristic of solids, meaning they retain their own shape.

Indefinite Shape

A characteristic of liquids and gases, meaning they take the shape of their container.

Definite Volume

A characteristic of solids and liquids, meaning they occupy a fixed amount of space.

Indefinite Volume

A characteristic of gases, meaning they expand to fill any container they are in.

Compressibility

The property, especially of gases like air, to be squeezed into a smaller space.

Diamond

It is the hardest material on Earth.

Diamonds

They are used to cut other materials such as glass and tiles.

Gold

It is malleable.

Glass

It is when breaks into pieces exhibits brittleness.

Rubber bond

It is a solid material that is elastic.

Metals such as (Iron & Steel)

It is used to construct buildings, bridges, etc.

Liquid

It may dissolve some solids.

Sterile rubbing alcohol

Alcohol that kills germs.

Denatured alcohol

Alcohol that is used to clean paintbrushes and liquid detergent.

Food grade alcohol

Alcohol that is used in making alcoholic beverages such as beers and wines.