Internal Resistance - Notes

Total Strategy

A policy by Botha's government combining repression and reform to tackle internal and external pressures in South Africa during the 1980s.

UDF

The United Democratic Front, a coalition of anti-apartheid organizations in South Africa established to oppose the Tri-cameral parliament and promote various forms of resistance.

Black Local Authorities Act

A 1982 act that allowed for the establishment of local councils in black townships, giving more powers to local governance but still under white control.

Tri-cameral Parliament

A constitutional structure established in 1983 that provided separate parliamentary representation for white, coloured, and Indian South Africans, while completely excluding black South Africans.

End Conscription Campaign (ECC)

An organization formed in 1983 opposing mandatory military service in South Africa and the use of conscripts during the apartheid regime.

Rolling Mass Action

A strategy of sustained resistance against apartheid, involving mass protests and civic actions aimed at making the country ungovernable.

Civics

Community-based organizations in South Africa that mobilized residents to improve living conditions and challenge local authorities during apartheid.

Pass Laws

Regulations that enforced racial segregation by restricting the movement of black South Africans, which became increasingly ineffective and were eventually abolished.

National Education Crisis Committee (NECC)

A body formed in 1985 that sought to address the breakdown of education in South Africa and advocated for educational empowerment against apartheid.

Black Sash

A women's organization formed in 1955 that protested against apartheid laws and later focused on welfare issues and women's rights.