Chapters 19 and 20

Ureter

Smooth muscle tube where urine passes through after it leaves the kidney

Urinary Bladder

Smooth muscle where the urine fills in and expands until urination

Urethra

Singular tube that expels urine

Renal

The kidney

Nephron

Functional unit of the kidney

Glomerulus

Ball like network of capillaries in the kidney and a site of filtration

Filtrate

Filtered fluid

(Glomerular) Filtration

The movement of fluid from blood into the nephron

(Tubular) Reabsorption

Moving substances in the filtrate from the lumen of the tubule back into the blood

(Tubular) Secretion

The movement of selected molecules from the blood into the nephron

Excretion

The removal of a substance from the body

1 refers to

Diaphragm

2 refers to

Inferior Vena Cava

3 refers to

Aorta

4 refers to

Left Adrenal Gland

5 refers to

Left Kidney

6 refers to

Renal Artery

7 refers to

Renal Vein

8 refers to

Ureter

9 refers to

Rectum

10 refers to

Urinary Bladder

11 refers to

Peritoneum

Aquaporin

Family of membrane water channels

Vasopressin (APH)

A neurohormone that acts as a signal for water reabsorption out of the nephron tubule

Osmoreceptors

Stretch sensitive neurons that increase their firing rate as osmolarity increases

Aldosterone

A steroid hormone that stimulates Na reabsorption and K secretion in the kidney

Acidosis

Extracellular pH less than 7.42

Alkalosis

Extracellular pH greater than 7.42

Recognize that water always moves…

to the area of higher total osmolality

What are the major routes in which water enters and exits the body?

Most water enters our body through the mouth and the digestive tract. While most water exits in the urine through the excretory system

What is the major action of vasopressin?

It makes the collecting duct epithelium more permeable to water resulting in the body’s ability to retain water

What is the major action of aldosterone?

It binds to cells for sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion

Recognize that aldosterone acts at…

the DCT to increase Na reabsorption