Exam Review for Aufbau Principle & Electronic Configuration

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding the Aufbau Principle, electronic configurations, ionization energy, and hybridization in chemistry.

Aufbau Principle

The principle that electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals first.

Electronic Configuration of Hydrogen (H)

1s¹.

Electronic Configuration of Helium (He)

1s².

Electronic Configuration of Lithium (Li)

1s² 2s¹.

Orbital Energy Level Order

Order: 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d.

Comparison of 4s and 3d Energy

4s becomes more stable than 3d after calcium.

Electron Affinity

The energy change when an electron is added to a neutral atom.

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Groups of the Periodic Table

Atoms in Group 8 have unfavorable electron affinities.

Hybridization

The mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals.

Sigma Bond (σ-bond)

A bond formed by the end-to-end overlap of orbitals.

Pi Bond (π-bond)

A bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals.

Bond Order

The number of bonding pairs of electrons between two atoms.

Resonance Structures

Representations of a molecule that cannot be depicted by a single Lewis structure.

Paramagnetism

Attraction of a substance to a magnetic field due to unpaired electrons.

Diamagnetism

Repulsion of a substance from a magnetic field resulting from all paired electrons.