History the Reform Movements

Second Great Awakening

A period of religious revival in the United States from 1830 to 1850.

Transcendentalism

A movement that aimed to transcend the material world and connect with spirituality.

Abolition

Aimed to abolish slavery and promote freedoms for slaves.

Temperance Movement

Aimed to reduce the amount of alcohol consumed in society.

Lyman Beecher

A minister who believed society was becoming more secular and advocated for a more emotional approach to religion.

Charles Grandison Finny

A revivalist who supported women preaching in public and had different views from Lyman Beecher.

Methodist and Baptist churches

Churches that experienced the highest rate of growth during the Second Great Awakening.

Dorothea Dix

An advocate for the mentally ill who created mental health facilities after witnessing poor prison conditions.

Horace Mann

An education reformer who sought to improve the education system inspired by European models.

Camp meetings

Gatherings for hearings about abolition, women’s suffrage, and social reforms.

Railroads, canals, and steamships

Technological advancements that expanded trading and transportation during the market revolution.

Predestination

The Puritan belief that one's fate is predetermined.

Feel Religion

Lyman Beecher’s belief that people should have emotional connections to their faith.

Market Revolution

A transformation in the U.S. economy marked by new transportation methods and labor practices.

Westward Expansion

The movement of settlers and immigrants into the American West, impacting personal relationships and society.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

A famous transcendentalist known for his philosophical writings and lectures.

Henry David Thoreau

A famous transcendentalist known for his work on individualism and nature.

Evangelical Christianity

A form of Christianity that emphasizes the conversion of individuals and the importance of personal faith.

Social Reform Movements

Movements that emerged during the Second Great Awakening aimed at improving society and the moral condition of citizens.