VCE Chemistry

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62 Terms

1
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prop

3

2
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but

4

3
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Non renewable examples;

coal, coal seam gas and crude oil

4
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Non-renewable impacts;

negative = explosive, deforestation, greenhouse gases
positive = higher energy content, cheaper

5
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Renewable examples;

bio gas, bio diesel and bioethanol

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Renewable impacts;

positive = local, less greenhouse gases, bio degradable
negative = lower energy content, high water usage, expensive

7
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exo - the enthaply of....

the products is less than the enthaply of the reactants

8
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endo - the enthaply of...

products is higher than the enthaply of the reactants

9
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complete combustion

O2 is excess and clean blue flame

10
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incomplete combustion

O2 is limiting and yellow flame

11
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electrolyte

solution with ions that conducts electricity

12
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salt bridge

connect the half cells internally and maintains electrical neutrality

13
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primary cells...

cannot be recharged as the electrodes are consumed

14
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secondary cells...

can be recharged by connecting them to an external source

15
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fuel cells...

convert the chemical energy of a fuel into electricity through a reaction with oxygen

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cell being recharged means...

you swap the products and reactants around

17
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density formula

D=m/v

18
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galvanic cells are....

a spontaneous reaction where chemical energy goes to electrical energy

19
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electron flow...

negative to positive

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inert elements

carbon, platinum, gold and mercury

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Fuel cells advantages =

efficient as they convert chemical energy to electricity, hydrogen fuel cells only produce water and heat as by products with no greenhouse gases, can be used in variety of fuels

22
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fuel cells disadvantages =

require constant fuel supply, expensive, storage and safety of hydrogen fuel

23
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∆H =

Hproducts - Hreactants = kJmol -1

24
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what is pressure?

force exerted on an area

25
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OIL RIG

Oxidation is loss of e-
Reduction is gain of e-

26
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In a galvanic cell the anode is _____ and the cathode is _____

negative, positive (ANOX and REDCAT)

27
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How to increase the rate of an reaction?

increase temp, surface area, concentration and pressure

28
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when a catalyst is added...

it decreases the activation energy by creating an alternative reactive pathway and thus the proportion of successful collisions increases.

29
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Reversible reactions occur...

in closed systems and cannot achieve 100% yield

30
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What is the equil constant only affected by?

temp

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K>10^4

equil contains more products

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K < 10^-4

the equil contains more reactants

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Q>K

reverse reaction

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Q<K

forward reaction

35
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As pressure increases...

volume decreases

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If pressure is increased, and mole ratio is 1:2

forwards reaction is favored

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If pressure is increased, and mole ratio is 2:1

reverse reaction is favored

38
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When concentration of reactants increase

forward reaction

39
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When concentration of reactants decrease

reverse reaction

40
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When con of products increase

reverse reaction

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When con of products decrease

forward reaction

42
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when coeffs are halved...

Kc = square root

43
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when reaction is reversed...

Kc = 1/number

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when coeffs are doubled...

Kc^2

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when coeff reversed and halved...

1/square root

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Electrolytic reactions are...

- non-spontaneous
- energy is required
- anode is positive
- cathode is negative

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what happens in discharge?

galvanic cells producing electrical energy

48
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what happens in recharge?

electrolytic cells producing chemical energy

49
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Q =

charge (C)

50
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I =

current (A)

51
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T =

time (s)

52
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F =

96500 C

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n(e-) = Q / F

Q = n(e-) x F

54
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adding more reactant shifts the reaction..

to the RHS thus a forward reaction

55
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adding more products shifts the reaction...

to the LHS thus a reverse reaction

56
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by increasing the volume (decreasing pressure) it shifts...

where the most particles are

57
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when volumes is decreased and pressure is increased..

shifts the side with less particles

58
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adding a catalyst and inert gas...

has no effect on the equil

59
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when temp increases, for exo...

LHS

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when temp increases for endo...

shifts the RHS

61
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adding H2O (dilution)

direction with most particles

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removing a product...

shifts to RHS thus forward reaction