Lecture Notes: Text Types, Audience, Context, and Communication Skills — Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the notes on oral, written, and multimodal texts, audience, purpose, context, and communication processes.

Oral Text

Spoken discourse such as speeches, interviews, or storytelling; may occur face-to-face or via technology.

Written Text

Texts that can be read or written, such as letters, articles, and essays.

Multimodal Text

Text that combines multiple modes of communication, e.g., text, images, audio, and video.

Audience

The recipients or listeners of a text; interpretation varies with their background, interests, culture, age, and beliefs.

Purpose

The reason for creating a text, such as to inform, persuade, explain, or entertain.

Context

The circumstances or setting in which communication occurs.

Language

The system of words and rules used to convey messages with a specific goal in mind.

Tone

The emotional quality or attitude conveyed in speaking or writing.

Personal Communication

Communication that focuses on oneself (intrapersonal communication).

Interpersonal Communication

Direct exchange of information between two or more people.

Interactive Communication

Two-way exchange of messages with active participation from all parties.

Formal Language

A language style appropriate for formal contexts; often more precise and structured.

Conversation Structure

Beginning with a greeting or topic introduction, followed by main ideas, and ending with a conclusion.

Opening

Initial greeting or introduction of the topic in a conversation.

Turn-taking

Safely sharing speaking opportunities to maintain flow and balance in dialogue.

Confirmation

Words or actions that show listening and understanding.

Response

Reply or reaction that maintains the flow of conversation.

Eye Contact

Direct visual engagement with the listener to show attention.

Gestures

Movements of hands or body that support spoken communication.

Posture

Body position that conveys attention, openness, and attitude.

Facial Expression

Nonverbal cues from the face that convey emotion.

Paralanguage

Vocal elements other than words (tone, pitch, volume, pace) that affect meaning.

Intonation

The rise and fall of voice pitch to convey meaning or emphasis.

Filler Words

Hesitation sounds like ah, um, etc., that interrupt fluency.

Cohesion Markers

Connective words that link ideas (and, but, therefore, etc.).

Discourse Markers

Words that guide the flow of speech (first, next, finally; on the other hand).

Panandang Kohesyong Gramatikal

Grammatical cohesion devices that connect ideas across sentences and clauses (addition, contrast, cause-effect, sequencing).

Sequencing Markers

Discourse markers that show order of ideas (First, Next, Then).

Infographic

A multimodal graphic that presents data using text and visuals.

Video Presentation

A multimodal presentation combining speaking, text, images, and music.

Social Media Content

Short, often visual posts used to convey information with hashtags and multimedia.

Interpretation

The process by which the receiver makes sense of a message based on experience, culture, and context.

Participation

Active involvement in communication, including listening, responding, and engaging.

Expression

The act of conveying feelings, ideas, or intentions through language or nonverbal cues.

Intrapersonal Communication

Communication within oneself; internal reflection or diary writing.

Perspective-taking

Trying to understand a message from another person’s point of view.

Audience Awareness

Understanding audience characteristics to tailor the message.

Purpose Awareness

Recognizing the goal of communication (inform, persuade, express, entertain).

Development Plan

A plan to improve communication skills through practice, reading, listening, and asking questions.

Active Listening

Engaging with a speaker through attention, paraphrase, and clarifying questions.

Clarity of Message

A message that is clear, logical, and well-organized.

Non-verbal Expression

Communicating through body language, facial expressions, and gestures.

Verbal Expression

Communicating through spoken or written words.

Clarifying Question

A question asked to ensure understanding of what was said.

Intrapersonal vs Interpersonal

Intrapersonal: communication with oneself; Interpersonal: direct exchange between people.