Psychotic, Personality, and Neurocognitive Disorders Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and definitions related to psychotic, personality, and neurocognitive disorders.

Positive Symptoms

Manifestations of things that are not normally present, such as hallucinations, delusions, alterations in speech, and bizarre behavior.

Negative Symptoms

Absence of things that are normally present, such as blunted or flat affect, alogia, anergia, anhedonia, and avolition.

Ideas of Reference

Misconstruing trivial events and attaching personal significance to them.

Delusion of Persecution

Feeling singled out for harm by others.

Delusion of Grandeur

Feelings of all powerfulness.

Somatic Delusions

Belief that the body is changing in an unusual way.

Thought Broadcasting

Believing that one's thoughts are heard by others.

Thought Insertion

Believing that others' thoughts are being inserted into one's mind.

Thought Withdrawal

Believing that one's thoughts have been removed by an outside agency.

Associative Looseness

Unconscious inability to concentrate on a single thought; can progress to 'flight of ideas.'

Neologisms

Made-up words that only make sense to the client.

Echolalia

Client repeats words spoken to them.

Clang Association

Meaningless rhyming of words.

Word Salad

Words are jumbled together with little meaning or significance to the listener.

Circumstantiality

Including multiple and unneeded details during a conversation.

Tangentiality

Starting talking about trivial information rather than focusing on the main topic of conversation.

Depersonalization

Nonspecific feeling that a client has lost their identity; self is different or unreal.

Derealization

Perception that the environment has changed.

Illusions

Misperceptions or misinterpretation of a real experience.

Echopraxia

Purposeful imitation of movements by others.

Catatonia

Pronounced decrease or increase in amount of movement; muscular rigidity; catalepsy.

Motor Retardation

Pronounced slowing of movement.

Schizophrenia

A psychotic disorder characterized by gross distortion of reality; disturbance of language and communication; withdrawal from social interaction; and the disorganization and fragmentation of thought, perception, and emotional reaction.

Prodromal Phase

The early phase of schizophrenia, often during adolescence, marked by lack of energy, withdrawal, blunted affect, and odd ideas or beliefs.

Acute Phase

Phase with disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior are very apparent. Individual may lose contact with reality and will be unable to function in basic ways.

Residual Phase

Symptoms are similar to the prodromal phase but the individual is able to experience some relief of symptoms and manage some basic activities in life in the remission phase.

Personality Disorders

Characterized by impairments in self-identity/self-direction and interpersonal functioning. The maladaptive behaviors are not always perceived by the individual as dysfunctional.

Splitting

The inability to incorporate positive and negative aspects of oneself or others into a whole image. Frequently seen in borderline personality disorder.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Distrust and suspiciousness toward others based on unfounded beliefs that others want to harm, exploit, or deceive the person.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Disregard for others with exploitation, lack of empathy, repeated unlawful actions, deceit, failure to accept personal responsibility.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Instability of affect, identity, and relationships, as well as splitting behaviors, manipulation, impulsiveness, and fear of abandonment. Often self-injurious and potentially suicidal.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Emotional attention-seeking behavior, in which person needs to be center of attention. Often seductive and flirtatious.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Arrogance, grandiose views of self-importance, the need for consistent admiration, and a lack of empathy for others that strains most relationships. Often sensitive to criticism.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Social inhibition and avoidance of all situations that require interpersonal contact, despite wanting close relationships, due to extreme fear of rejection.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Extreme dependency in a close relationship with an urgent search to find a replacement when one relationship ends.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Indecisiveness and perfectionism with a focus on orderliness and control to the extent that the individual may not be able to accomplish a given task.

Neurocognitive Disorders

Group of conditions characterized by disruption of thinking, memory, processing, and problem-solving.

Delirium

Rapid onset of impairments in memory, judgement, ability to focus, and ability to calculate, as well as LOC fluctuation. Medical emergency.

Major Neurocognitive Disorder (Dementia)

Gradual deterioration of functions over months or years with impairments in memory, judgement, aphasia, agnosia, executive functioning, and apraxia. Includes Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Chronic, progressive, degenerative disorder that affects the cells of the brain and causes impaired intellectual functioning. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are present.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Expression of psychological stress through physical symptoms that cannot be explained by underlying pathology, causing stress and potentially leading to long-term healthcare services.

Reattribution Treatment

A four-stage process that assists clients to identify the link between physical symptoms and psychological factors while promoting a sense of caring and understanding.