Anatomy Unit 2 - Cells and Tissues

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27 Terms

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Cells
building blocks of the body
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Tissues
groups of similar cells that combine to perform a certain function
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Types of tissue
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous
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Epithelial Tissue (Characteristics)
* major tissue of glands
* inner lining of body cavities
* inner lining of hollow organs
* lacks blood vessels
* anchored to connective tissue by a basement membrane
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Epithelial Tissue Designation
Shape and arrangement of cells
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Epithelial Tissue Shapes
Squamos, Cuboidal, Columnar
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Squamos
thin, flattened, scale-like
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Cuboidal
Long tubes, ring
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Columnar
* Tall, elongated, “column like”
* Associated with goblet (AKA mucus) cells
* Frequently ciliated
* Microvilli helps food pass through/adds mucus
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Simple (epithelial)
* 1 row of cells


* allows diffusion of gas in lungs
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Stratified
Multiple rows of cells
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Simple Columnar Epithelium
* 1 row of cells
* Nuclei about the same level
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Stratifies Columnar Epithelium
* 2-7 rows of cells
* Nuclei in each row are approximately at the same level
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
* 1 row of cells
* Nuclei are NOT in line
* Appears to be >1 row
* Only applies to columnar epithelial tissue
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Neuron
* Basic unit of nervous system
* Conducting cells of the nervous tissue
* Associated with the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
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Neuroglia
* Supporting cells of the nervous system
* Non-conducting cells
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Types of Muscle Tissue
* Skeletal
* Cardiac
* Smooth
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Skeletal Muscle Tissue
* Attached to bones
* Multi-nucleated
* Striated (alternating light and dark)
* Voluntary
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Smooth Muscle Tissue

  • Digestive organs, blood vessels, urinary bladder

  • One nuclei per cell

  • Involuntary

  • No striations

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Cardiac Muscle Tissue

  • Striated

  • One nuclei per cell

  • Involuntary

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Intercalated disc

Wall/barrier between cardiac muscle cells

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Connective Tissue

  • Many kinds

  • Binds structures

  • Provides support & protection

  • Stores fat

  • Produces blood cells

  • Often has a matrix

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Matrix

Material in between cells, in which more specialized structures are embedded (comparable to cytoplasm in a cell)

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Collagenous Connective Tissue

Made up of collagen (Strong, non-elastic)

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Elastic Connective Tissue

Made up of elastin (not very strong, elastic)

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Reticular Connective Tissue

Similar to collagenous, but thinner, widespread

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Fibroblasts

Create fibers for some varieties of connective tissues