Peds E1 random questions pt. 3 cardio

maternal use of which drug is linked to Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid?

lithium

what is the most important for eval of CHD in children?

echo

premature close of the foramen ovale can lead to what syndrome?

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

what infections are risk factors for congenital heart disease?

TORCHES CLAP

Toxoplasmosis

Other (Zika)

Rubella

Cytomegalovirus

Herpes simplex

Enterovirus

Syphilis

Chicken pox

Lyme disease

AIDS/HIV

Parvovirus

what is the most common overall CHD lesion?

VSD

what is the most common valvular CHD lesion?

bicuspid aortic valve

what are the acyanotic heart defects?

ASD

VSD

PDA

coarctation of aorta

AS

PS

AV canal defect

acyanotic heart defects have a __________ systemic arterial saturation

normal

what causes the RV and pulm artery to have twice as much flow during VSD?

LV sends as much blood through the VSD as into the aorta --> RVH

what heart defect is common in Down syndrome patients?

ASD

most hemodynamic problems associated with AV canal defect are caused by what?

VSD

how do symptoms of PDA vary?

small size at birth = may have no s/sx

large size at birth = can cause signs of HF soon after

which defect has a continuous machinery like murmur?

PDA

what treatment can be used for PDA?

indomethacin/ibuprofen --> block prostaglandins that keep PDA open

which defect may present with bounding peripheral pulses and a wide pulse pressure?

PDA

what is the AS triad?

exertional syncope

angina

dyspnea

which heart defect may be a complicating feature of a more complex underlying cyanotic heart defect?

CoA

what is the key feature of a cyanotic heart defect?

R-->L shunt

which defects are cyanotic?

ToF

TGV

Truncus arteriosus

tricuspid atresia

TAPVCM

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

if a pt has bounding radial pulses and diminished/absent femoral pulses, what should you suspect?

CoA

what are the 4 components of Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)?

PROV:

Pulmonary stenosis

RVH

Overriding aorta

VSD

what are 'tet spells'?

hypoxic episodes/thromboembolism/squatting to decrease SVR/polycythemia

caused by increased R-->L shunt during acute episode by shunting deoxygenated blood through VSD to the left side

what is seen on CXR in a pt with ToF?

boot shaped heart from RVH and upward tilt of apex

what is the most common congenital heart defect presenting in cyanosis in the first week of life?

Transposition of the great vessels --> ductal dependent

which heart defect results in "snowman" appearance on CXR?

TAPVC

which cardiac conditions are associated with down syndrome?

AV canal

AV septal defect

ASD

VSD

which cardiac conditions are associated with Marfan syndrome?

aortic root dilation/dissection

MVP

what is a complication of longstanding and uncorrected congenital heart anomalies that produce L-->R shunting?

Eisenmenger's syndrome

what cardiac anomalies are associated with Eisenmeger's syndrome?

VSD

ASD

TA

TOGA

what symptoms are associated with pediatric pulm HTN?

sx consistent w/ low CO:

- poor appetite

- poor growth

- N/V

- lethargy

- sweating

- tachypnea

- tachycardia

what is the gold standard for dx of pulm HTN?

cardiac cath

in which dx is a bifid uvula a common finding?

loeys-Dietz syndrome

what is the MC cause of syncope in children?

vasovagal syncope

what is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children?

Kawasaki disease

if a peds pt presents with persistent fever of 102.5 x6 days and diffuse rash and strawberry tongue, what should you suspect?

kawasaki disease

what cardiac manifestation is common in those with kawasaki disease?

coronary artery aneurysm

what is the etiology of viral myocarditis?

coxsackie B, echovirus MC

what infection is an immune rxn to untreated GABHS infection?

Rheumatic HD