final exam morality

Moral Law

Standards of right and wrong by which actions are judged good/evil

Natural Law

Intuitive sense and understanding of right and wrong etched upon human hearts. Known thru reason

Objective Morality

Belief in the existence of universal, immutable moral truths/standards of right/wrong that govern human behavior. Truths are independent from what a person thinks

Subjective Morality

Belief in no such thing as the existence of universal/immutable moral truths/standards

Virtue

Good moral habit

Vice

Bad moral habit

Prudence

Enables a person to choose right course of action inspired by moral law

Justice

Enables a person to render/give what is due to god and ones neighbor

Temperance

Enables a person to control passions/emotions to maintain a clear mind and strong will

Fortitude

Enables a person to perform good moral actions amid obstacles and difficulties

Grace

The help given by god to guide us down his path for us

Holiness

Spiritual perfection of purity because of likeness unto god who is perfectly holy

Mortal Sin

Gravely serious sin against god and the moral law

Venial Sin

Less serious offense against god and the moral law

Internal Sin

A sin that was committed in thought or desire

External Sin

Describes a sin that was committed in word or action

Sin of Omission

A sin in which a person fails to commit a good act that should be done

Sin of Commission

A sin in which an evil act was committed

Occasion of Sin

A situation or circumstance where a person would be more likely to commit a sin

Reconciliation

Sins after baptism are forgiven. Through the holy spirit, Christ gave the 1st apostles authority to forgive sins. Authority is handed down to subsequent priests and bishops

Contrition

Feeling truly sorry for one's sins and the way they have offended god

Absolution

Forgiveness of your sins, and gives you a penance to perform

Penance

Voluntary works performed by a person to make up for the damage of sin and to strengthen ones future ability to resist temptation

Heaven

Proper destination - state of eternal happiness in which a person shares in the life and love of the blessed trinity

Hell

State of eternal self exclusion and separation from god

Purgatory

Where souls are purified of the temporal punishment to enter heaven

Conscience

Judgement of right and wrong.

Moral Culpability

Degree of which a person is deserving of blame, guilt, and/or punishment for the act

Invincible Ignorance

Ignorance that cannot be overcome by ordinary diligence

Vincible Ignorance

Lack of knowledge for which a person is morally responsible due to lack of diligence

Partial Knowledge

Knowledge that is incomplete due to the presence of some obstacle interfering with moral judgement

Object

The act being performed

Intent

The reason for why the act was done

Circumstance

The relevant factors that increase or decrease the moral goodness/evilness of an act

Rash Judgment

Making a judgement w/o sufficient evidence

False Witness

Generally lying, but could mean any dishonest act or an act without integrity

Covet

A strong desire to have something

Decalogue

"10 words", the 10 commandments

Atheism

The willful denial of god's existence

Agnosticism

Claims ignorance about god's existence by saying it can't be proven or disproven

Apostasy

Total rejection and stubborn denial of one or more central teachings of the catholic faith by a baptized catholic

Despair

Giving up hope in god's grace, his forgiveness of sins, and/or his promise of salvation

Presumption

Believing one can save oneself through personal effort alone, without the help of God and His grace. Basically 'my salvation is earned through my works/actions.'

Idolatry

Giving improper worship to a created thing or a disordered love/attachment to a created thing over god

Divination

Seeking to use occult (supernatural/mystical forces, including demonic) powers to predict the future or obtain information which can't be discovered through normal channels

Sorcery/Magic

Seeking to use occult powers as a means to obtain good or evil effects

Sacrilege

Profane or disrespectful treatment of the sacraments, sacred persons, places, or objects

Veneration

To honor, praise, or give respect to someone or something

Adoration

Worship given to god alone in which we acknowledge his authority, majesty, and our complete dependence on him

Blasphemy

using gods name in a disrespectful way

Perjury

lying under oath

Cursing

calling on god to wish harm on another person

Damning

wishing an eternal fate and punishment

Sabbath

Hebrew word meaning 'to cease.' references the seventh day of creation when God rested after the creation of all things in six days.

Mass

Derived from a Latin word meaning 'dismissal', it is the principal sacramental celebration of the Church, established by Jesus at the Last Supper, in which the mystery of salvation through participation in the sacrificial death and glorious Resurrection of Christ is renewed and accomplished.

Eucharist

From the Greek word meaning 'thanksgiving'; it is one of the sacraments of the Catholic Church in which the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ is made present in the appearance of bread and wine.

Abortion

willful termination of one's pregnancy

Suicide

willful taking of ones own life

Euthanasia

the decision by doctors, family members, or other public officials to end the life of a person who has been given little to no chance of recovery or has been deemed to have a poor quality of life

Assisted Suicide

a person requesting help from doctors, family members, nurses, or friends in the ending of their own life.

Capital Punishment

an act of legitimate authority of the state or nation to put a criminal to death

Chastity

the virtue that moderates the desire for sexual pleasure due to faith and right reason

Annulment

the marriage was invalid from the start

Contraception

deliberate use of mechanical, chemical, or other medical procedures to prevent contraception in the act of sec

Fornication/Premarital Sex

having sex while unmarried with someone who is also unmarried

Adultery

having sex with someone other than your spouse

Divorce

civil dissolution of marriage

Agape

unconditional love for everyone - what god has

Eros

love for spouse - includes sexual desire

Philia

love for your friends

Storge

love for family

Biological Sex

the sex you were born as

Gender

how biological sex is lived out

Surrogacy

when a woman carries and gives birth to a baby for another couple

Theft

unjustly taking/damaging someone elses goods against their will

Greed

inordinate desire for earthly goods

Envy

wrongful desire for things possessed by another or jealousy at anothers good fortune

Restitution

remedy for sins against the 7th commandment

Lying

to intentionally act or speak against what one knows is true

Detraction

to reveal a incriminating truth about someone without it being necessary

Slander

a lie that falsely accuses someone of wrongdoing or evil

Mortal Sin Conditions

Grave matter, full consent, full knowledge

10 Commandments

1. I am the lord your god - you shall have no other gods before me. 2. Do not take the lord's name in vain. 3. Keep holy the sabbath day. 4. Honor your father and mother. 5. Thou shall not kill. 6. Thou shall not commit adultery. 7. Thou shall not steal. 8. Thou shall not bear false witness. 9. Thou shall not covet thy neighbor's wife. 10. Thou shall not covet thy neighbor's goods.

Precepts

The "bare minimum" of being a practicing catholic.

Vain

To use god's name in a way as if to make it seem without great importance or to use in a disrespectful/irreverent way.

Mortal Sin

Purposefully and willingly missing Mass; extreme lack of gratitude for God's role in our life.

3rd Commandment Obligation

Other than Sunday Mass, the Saturday vigil also fulfills a person's obligation.

3rd Commandment Requirements

Faith life and relationship with God, family life, relationship with the community.

Child's Disobedience

A child does not have to listen to their parents if asking them to do something immoral.

Dignity and Value

A person's dignity and value come from their soul.

Abortion Argument

The 'my body, my choice' argument does not hold up when talking about abortion because the baby has a right to life.

Self-Defense Criteria

1. Exerted all non-lethal options. 2. Against an unjust aggressor. 3. Only use necessary amount of force.

Death Penalty Justification

The Church says it might be morally justifiable if it is not morally evil and only used to protect society from the one convicted.

Ordinary Means of Treatment

Ordinary means are necessary; extraordinary means are optional.

Chastity

Everyone is called to live a life of chastity.

Indissolubility of Marriage

Union created by God - can't be broken.

Sexual Meaning

Unitive - total giving; procreative - open to conception.

Same-Sex Attractions

Same-sex attractions are not inherently evil but cannot be acted upon.

Responsible Stewardship

Balancing their own right to property and the obligation to distribute one's wealth to the common good.

Examples of Theft

Vandalizing property, cheating on school work, lying about hours worked.