Module 2.3 Chemical Hazards

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

Any substance that can cause people adverse

physical and health effects due to its chemical

properties.

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

Arise from chemicals in various forms — solids,

liquids, gases, vapors, or fumes — that can be

toxic, corrosive, flammable, or reactive

Toxicity

Dose/Concentration

Exposure Duration

Susceptibility

Factors that affects impacts of Chemical Hazards (4)

Toxicity

Factors that affects impacts:

The inherent ability of a

chemical to cause harm to living

organisms.

Toxicity

Factors affecting impact level:

depends on chemical composition

Dose/Concentration

The amount of a chemical present in a given volume

Exposure Duration

The length of contact time an individual with a chemical.

Susceptibility

The degree to which a person is affected by chemical exposure based on personal factors.

Susceptibility

Factors affecting impact level:

varies by age, genetics, health

status, and lifestyle

Exposure duration

Factors affecting impact level:

short-term (acute) vs. long-

term (chronic)

Dose/ Concentration

Factor affecting impact level:

higher means greater risk e.g. ammonia

Natural sources

Man-made sources

Two types of sources of Chemical Hazard

Volcanic eruptions

Wildfire

Mineral deposits

Natural gases

What are natural sources of chemical hazard (4)

Factories and industries

Agriculture

Mining and extraction

Construction & demolition

Transportation

Households

Waste disposal & landfills

Pharmaceutical

What are man-made sources of chemical hazard? (8)

Endocrine disruption

Effects of chemical hazard from pharmaceutical?

explosion risk

groundwater contamination

Effects of chemical hazard from waste disposal & landfills

Benzoate

Chemical in consumer product that mess with your gut health

BHA

Preservative that might be linked to cancer

Potassium Iodate

This affect thyroid function in large amounts in consumer product

Respiratory irritations

Silicosis

Effects of chemical hazard from volcanic eruptions

Based on physical & chemical properties

Based on the effect on body systems

Types of Chemical Hazards (2)

Inorganic

Organic/hydrocarbons

Two classification of Chemical properties

irritant

carcinogen

asphyxiant

mutagen

narcotic

Chemical hazards based on the effect on body systems (5) I.C.A.M.N

Dust

solid particles generated out of a process

Fume

airborne particulate from evaporation of solid materials

Mist

liquid droplets from condensation of gaseous to liquid state

smoke

mixture of solid/liquid particles from incomplete

combustion

fiber (synthetic)

elongated particles

nanoparticles

ultra-fine particles

metal fumes from welding operations

Example of a fume

mist from aerosol sprays

Example of mist chem hazard

inorganic

substances that don't contain carbon-hydrogen

(C-H) bonds and can pose serious risks to health and safety

Organic

substances that contain carbon-hydrogen (C-H)

bonds and can pose serious risks to health and safety

Presence of carbon-hydrogen (CH-H) bonds

Difference between organic and inorganic

Irritant

Based in effects on body systems:

Causes inflammation or

discomfort on contact with

skin, eyes, or lungs.

Cleaning products, disinfectants

Common sources of irritant

Carcinogen

Based in effects on body systems:

Substance that can cause

cancer.

suffocation,

unconsciousness,

death

Potential health effects of asphyxiant

Asphyxiant

Based in effects on body systems:

DIsplaces oxygen or

interferes with breathing.

laboratories, combustion by-products

Common sources of mutagen

Mutagen

Based in effects on body systems:

Causes genetic mutations or

DNA damage.

Narcotic

Based in effects on body systems:

Affects the central nervous

system.

Workplace safety

Health protection

Regulatory Compliance

Emergency response & first aid

Environmental protection

Informed decision-making

significance of knowing the classifications of chemical hazards (6)

Inhalation

Ingestion

Dermal

Injection

Hereditary

Breastfeeding

Routes of chemical hazard (6)

Hereditary

Routes:

Chemicals that cause DNA mutations,

affecting future generations.