Cat Disection Physiology

Sartorius

This is the Sartorius and its function is hip flexion

Femoral vein / artery

This is the Femoral vein, and it carries deoxygenated blood from the hind limbs to the heart.

This is the Femoral artery, and it carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the hind limbs

Rectus femoris

This is the Rectus femoris, and its function is Knee extension

Vastus lateralis

This is the Vastus Lateralis, and its function is Knee extension

Vastus intermedius

This is the Vastus Intermedius, and its function is Knee extension

Vastus medialis

This is the Vastus Medialis, and its function is Knee extension

Gracilis

This is the Gracilis, and its function is Hip AD-Duction

Adductor longus

This is the Adductor longus, and its function is Hip AD-Duction

Adductor femoris

This is the Adductor femoris, and its function is Hip AD-Duction

Semimembranosus

This is the Semimembranosus, and its function is Knee Flexion and (Hip extension)

Semitendinosus

This is the Semitendinosus, and its function is Knee Flexion and (Hip extension)

biceps femoris

This is the biceps femoris, and its function is Knee Flexion

Sciatic nerve

This is the Sciatic Nerve and its function is to send signals to the hind limbs

Tensor fasciae latae

This is the Tensor fasciae latae (TFL), and its function is Hip AB-Duction

Iliotibial band

This is the Iliotibial band, and its function is Pelvic Stability

Caudofemoralis

This is the Caudofemoralis, and Its function is Thigh AB-Duction

Gluteus maximus

This is the Gluteus maximus, and its function is Thigh AB-Duction

Gluteus medius

This is the Gluteus medius, and its function is Thigh AB-Duction

gastrocnemius

This is the gastrocnemius, and its function is Plantar Flexion

soleus

This is the soleus, and its function is Plantar Flexion

Achilles tendon

This is the Achilles tendon, and its function is to enable Plantar Flexion

Fibularis

This is the Fibularis, and its functions are to Evert and plantar flex the foot

Extensor digitorum

This is the Extensor digitorum, and its function is digit (toe) extention

Tibialis anterior

This is the Tibialis anterior, and its function is foot dorsiflexion and inversion

Flexor digitorum

This is the Flexor digitorum, and its function is digit (toe) flexion

Latissimus dorsi

This is the Latissimus dorsi, and its function is to extend, adduct, and medially rotate the arm at the shoulder joint

trapezius (all parts)

This is the trapezius, and its function is to Stabilize and move the scapula, (Rotate internally)

Rhomboids

This is the Rhomboids, and its function is scapular movement and stability

Supraspinatus

This is the Supraspinatus, and its function is to AB-duct the arm

Infraspinatus

This is the Infraspinatus, and its function is lateral rotation of the shoulder

Subscapularis

This is the Subscapularis, and its function is the Internal rotation of the humerus

Triceps brachii

This is the Triceps brachii, and its function is Elbow Extension

Clavobrachialis

This is the Clavobrachialis, and its function is shoulder flexion and AB-duction

Spinodeltoid

This is the Spinodeltoid, and its function is Arm AB-duction

Acromiodeltoid

This is the Acromiodeltoid, and its function is Arm AB-duction

Brachialis

This is the Brachialis, and its function is Elbow flexion

Biceps brachii

This is the Biceps brachii, and its function is Elbow flexion

Pectoralis

This is the Pectoralis, and its function is Shoulder flexion

Serratus anterior

This is the Serratus anterior, and its function is Scapular rotation

External oblique

Trunk Rotation

Internal oblique

Trunk flexion

Transverse oblique

Trunk stabizalition

Rectus abdominis

This is the Rectus abdominis and its function is to pull the ribs and pelvis in & curve the back (for stability)

Hamstring Group

This is the Hamstring Group and it is composed of: the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus, and the main function is knee flexion

Calf Group

This is the Calf Group and it is composed of: the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris, and the main function is plantarflexion of the foot ( we don't have to know plantaris)

Quadricep Group

This is the Quadricep Group and it is composed of: the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius, and the main function is knee extension

Gluteal Group

This is the Gluteal Group and it is composed of: the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius, and the main function is hip extension

adductor group

This is the Adductor Group and it is composed of: the adductor longus, adductor femoris, and the gracilis, the main function is adduction of the thigh at the hip joint.

Rotator Cuff Group

This is the Rotator Cuff Group and it is composed of: the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis, and the main function is Arm circumduction

Tricep Group

This is the Tricep Group and it is composed of: the long head, lateral head, and medial head of the triceps brachii, and the main function is elbow extension

Deltoid Group (the acromiodeltoid and the spinodeltoid)

This is the Deltoid Group and it is composed of these muscles: clavobrachialis (clavodeltoid), acromiodeltoid, and spinodeltoid, and the main function is arm AB-Duction

Femur

This is the femur and it articulates with the pelvis at the hip joint, and with the tibia and patella at the knee joint.

Tibia

This is the tibia and it articulates with the femur at the knee joint, and with the fibula and tarsal bones at the ankle joint.

Fibula

This is the fibula and it articulates with the tibia proximally and distally, and with the tarsal bones at the ankle joint.

Calcaneus

This is the calcaneus and it articulates with the talus and other tarsal bones at the ankle joint.

Scapula

This is the scapula and it articulates with the humerus at the shoulder joint,(And the clavicle, but not in cats)

Sternum

This is the sternum and it articulates with the costal cartilages of the ribs at the sternocostal joints.

Clavicle

This is the clavicle and it articulates with the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint and with the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint.

Humerus

This is the humerus and it articulates with the scapula at the shoulder joint, and with the radius and ulna at the elbow joint.

Radius

This is the radius and it articulates with the humerus and ulna at the elbow joint, and with the carpal bones at the wrist joint.

Ulna

This is the ulna and it articulates with the humerus and radius at the elbow joint, and with the radius and carpal bones at the wrist joint.

Larynx

This is the Larynx and it's function is preventing food and particles from entering the respiratory system (voice box)

Trachea

This is the Trachea and it's function is to allow air to go to and from the lungs

Bronchus

this is the brochus and its function is to allow air to travel Between lungs

Lung (All lobes)

These are the lungs and its function is Respiration

Diaphragm

This is the diaphragm, and its function is to contract to expand the lungs

External intercostals

This is the External intercostals and its function is to Elevate ribs, expand ribcage during inhalation.

Internal intercostals

This is the Internal intercostals and its function is to Depress ribs, expand ribcage

Pericardium

this is the pericardium, and its function is the Protection of the heart

Right atrium

this is the right atrium, and its function is to receive oxygen-poor blood from the body and pump it to the right ventricle

Left atrium

this is the left atrium, and its function is to receive blood full of oxygen from the lungs and then empty the blood into the left ventricle

Right ventricle

this is the Right ventricle, and its function is to pump oxygen-poor blood to the lungs for oxygenation

Left ventricle

this is the left ventricle, and its function is to pump oxygenated blood to the body

Coronary Arteries

these are the coronary arteries and they carry oxygenated blood from the aorta to the heart muscle (myocardium).

Cardiac Veins

these are the Cardiac vein sand it carries deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle (myocardium) to the right atrium, usually through the coronary sinus.

Pulmonary arteries

This is the pulmonary artery and it carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Aorta (ascending aorta)

This is the ascending aorta and it carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.

Aorta descending (thorax)

This is the descending thoracic aorta and it carries oxygenated blood from the aortic arch to the lower parts of the body, including the chest and abdomen.

aortic arch

This is the aortic arch and it carries oxygenated blood from the ascending aorta to the branches that supply the head, neck, and upper limbs.

Brachiocephalic arteries

This is the brachiocephalic artery and it carries oxygenated blood from the aortic arch to the right arm and right side of the head and neck.

Carotid artery

This is the common carotid artery and it carries oxygenated blood from the aortic arch (left side) or the brachiocephalic artery (right side) to the head and neck.

Subclavian artery

This is the subclavian artery and it carries oxygenated blood from the brachiocephalic artery (right side) or aortic arch (left side) to the arms and some chest muscles.

Intercostal arteries

This is an intercostal artery and it carries oxygenated blood from the thoracic aorta to the muscles and tissues between the ribs.

Pulmonary veins

This is the pulmonary vein and it carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

Inferior vena cava (A)

This is the inferior vena cava and it carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium.

Superior vena cava

This is the superior vena cava and it carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium.

Jugular vein

This is the jugular vein and it carries deoxygenated blood from the head and neck to the brachiocephalic vein.

Subclavian vein

This is the subclavian vein and it carries deoxygenated blood from the arms to the brachiocephalic vein.

Intercostal veins

This is the intercostal vein and it carries deoxygenated blood from the muscles and tissues between the ribs to the azygos vein or brachiocephalic vein.

Brachiocephalic veins

This is the brachiocephalic vein and it carries deoxygenated blood from the head, neck, and arms to the superior vena cava.

abdominal Aorta descending (top right arrow)

This is the descending abdominal aorta and it carries oxygenated blood from the thoracic aorta to the lower abdomen, pelvis, and legs.

Hepatic portal veins (B)

This is the hepatic portal vein and it carries deoxygenated blood from the digestive organs to the liver.

Inferior vena cava (abdominal) (A)

This is the inferior vena cava and it carries deoxygenated blood from the lower abdomen and legs to the right atrium.

Mesenteric artery

This is the mesenteric artery and it carries oxygenated blood from the abdominal aorta to the intestines.

Iliac arteries

This is the iliac artery and it carries oxygenated blood from the descending abdominal aorta to the pelvis and legs.

Iliac veins

This is the iliac vein and it carries deoxygenated blood from the pelvis and legs to the inferior vena cava.

Esophagus

This is the esophagus and its function is to carry food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach.

Stomach

This is the stomach and its function is to break down food using mechanical and chemical digestion

Duodenum

This is the duodenum, and its function is to finish digesting food from the stomach and begin nutrient absorption.