All muscles of the upper limb, origin, insertion, function and innervations

Ventral muscles of the shoulder girdle include:

1. Pectoralis minor

2. Subclavius

3. Serrated anterior

Pectoralis minor

Origin: ribs III -V close to the bone-cartilage margin.

Insertion: tip of the coracoid process of the scapula.

Function: shoulder girdle- depress. Thorax: elevating the upper ribs during inspiration (breathing in). It is an auxiliary breathing muscle.

Innervations:

Subclavius muscle

Origin: bone-cartilage margin of the rib I

Insertion: lateral third of the clavicle

Function: shoulder girdle; stabilised the steenoclavicukat joint, protects the subclavian vessels.

innervations:

Serratus anterior muscle

Origin:

superior part: rib I, II;

diverging part: rib II-III.

Converging part: rib IV-IX.

Insertion:

Superior part: superior angle of the scapula

Diverging part: medial angle of the scapula.

Converging part: inferior angle of the scapula.

Function: shoulder girdle: holds the scapula against the trunk, together with the rhomboids presses the scapula against the thorax

superior part: elevates the scapula.

diverging part: depresses the scapula converging part: depresses the scapula and, together with the trapezius, rotates its lower angle outwards for the elevation of the arm over the horizontal axis

thorax: elevates the ribs when the scapula is in a fixed position (inspiration)

Ventral muscles of the shoulder

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis major

Origin:

clavicular part: sternal half of the clavicle

sternocostal part: manubrium and body of sternum,

costal cartilage of ribs II-VII

abdominal part: anterior lamina of the rectus sheath.

Insertions: crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Function: shoulder joint: adduction (most important muscle), inwards rotation clavicular part: anteversion (most important muscle); retroversion from an anteverted position

shoulder girdle: depression, antever-sion

thorax: elevates the sternum and the upper ribs when the shoulder girdle is

in a fixed position (inspiration: auxiliary breathing muscle)

lateral muscles of the shoulder

1. Deltoid muscle

2. Supraspinatus muscle

Deltoid muscle

Origin: clavicular part: acromial third of the clavicle acromial part: acromion spinal part: spine of scapula.

insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Function: shoulder joint: clavicular part: adduction (from approx. 60° onwards increasingly abduction), medial rotation, anteversion.

acromial part: abduction to the horizontal plane

spinal part: adduction (from approx.60° onwards increasingly abduction), lateral rotation, retroversion.

Supraspinatus muscle

Origin: supraspinous fossa. Supraspinous fascia

Insertion: upper facet of the greater tubercle, joint capsule

Function: shoulder joint:

abduction at the scapular level up to the horizontal plane, small lateral rotation.

Dorsal muscles of the shoulder girdle

1. Trapezius

2. Elevator scapulae

3. Rhomboid minor

4. Rhomboid mahor

Trapezius muscle

Origin: descending part: at the occipital bone between highest nuchal line and superior nuchal line, spinous processes of the upper cervical vertebrae

transverse part: spinous processes of the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae

ascending part: spinous processes of the middle and lower thoracic vertebrae

Insertion:

descending part: acromial third of the clavicle transverse part: acromion ascending part: spine of scapula

Function:

descending part: prevents lowering of the shoulder girdle and arm (e.g. carrying a suitcase), elevates the scapula and rotates its lower tip laterally to allow the elevation of the arm above the horizontal plane together with the serratus anterior, rotates the head to the contralateral side when the shoulder is in a fixed position, erects the cervical part of the vertebral column when innervated bilaterally

transverse part: pulls the scapula downwards

ascending part: depresses the scapula and rotates it downwards

Levator scapulae

Origin: posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the 1st -4th cervical vertebrae.

Insertion: superior angle of the scapula

Function : shoulder girdle: elevate the scapula.

Rhomboid minor

Origin: spinous process of the 6th and 7th cervical vertebrae.

Insertion: medial border of the scapula cranial to the spine of the scapula.

Function: pulls the scapula medically and cranially, fixes the scapula to the torso together with the serrated anterior.

Rhomboid major

Origin: spinous process if the upper four thoracic vertebrae.

Insertion: medial border of the scapula caudal to the spine if the scapula.

Function.: pull the scapula medically and cranial, fixes the scapula to the torso together with the serrated anterior.

Dorsal muscle of the shoulder

1. Infraspinatus

2. Teres minor

3. Teres major

4. Subscapularis

5. Latissimus dorsi

Infraspinatus muscle

Origin: infraspinous fossa, infraspinous fascia

Insertion: middle facet of the greater tubercle, joint capsule

Function: shoulder joint: cranial part: lateral rotation (most important muscle)

Teres minor

Origin: middle third of the lateral border

Insertion: lower facet of the greater tubercle, joint capsule.

Function: shoulder joint: lateral rotation, adduction in the scapular plane

Teres major

Origin: inferior angle of the scapula

Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle medial to the latissimus dorsi

Function: shoulder joint: medial rotation, adduction, retroversion.

Subscapularis

Origin: subscapular fossa

Insertion: lesser tubercle, joint capsule.

Function: shoulder joint: medial rotation (most important muscle)

Ventral muscles of the upper

1. Biceps brachii

2. Coracobrachialis

3. Brachialis

Biceps brachii

Origin:

long head: Supraglenoid tubercle short head: tip of the coracoid process.

Insertion: radial tuberosity via the bicipital aponeurosis at the antebrachial fascia

Function:

shoulder joint: long head: abduction, anteversion, medial rotation

short head: adduction, anteversion, medial rotation elbow joint:

flexion (most important muscle), supination (most important muscle with flexed elbow)

Innervations: