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Qualities of life
growth, reproduction, cellular organization, metabolism, consciousness, emergent properties of life and homeostasis,
Growth
Growth is an irreversible permanent increase in size of an organ or its parts or even of an individual cell. Characteristics of growth include increase in mass and increase in number of individuals.
Reproduction
the production of progeny possessing features more or less similar to those of parents through sexual or asexual reproduction. Example: Fungi multiply and spread easily due to the millions of asexual spores they produce.
Cellular Organization
Cells are the basic unit of life and all living organisms are composed of either a single cell or many cells.
Metabolism
The sum total of all chemical reactions inside a living organism
Consciousness
The ability to sense their surroundings or environment and respond to these environmental stimuli.
Homeostasis
the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.
Adaptation
a morphological physiological or behavioural feature of an organism that is necessary for survival and reproduction in its habitat.
Biodiversity
the occurence of the number and types of organisms present on earth
Taxonomy
the study of identification, nomenclature, and classification of living organisms
Identification
A process by which an organism is recognised from the other by already known organisms and is assigned to a particular taxonomic group
Nomenclature
Naming of organisms according to international scientific rules
Binomial Nomenclature
a two-word system of providing a name to living organisms consisting of the Genus and the Species
Genus
genetic name
Species
specific epithet
Classification
A process by which any organism is grouped into convenient categories on the basis of some easily observable characters.
Artificial classification
classification on the basis of one or few superficial morphological characters like habit, color, number and shape of leaves.
Natural non-phylogenetic classification
classification where the phylogeny of plants is not considered
Natural phylogenetic classification
Classification where both gross morphology and phylogeny are considered on the basis of their evolution
Phenetic/Numerical classification
classification carried out by using computers and based on all observable characteristics
Systematics
the study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relations through the study of external and internal structures, cell structure, developmental processes, and ecological information.
Taxonomic hierarchy
the descending or ascending arrangement of taxonomic catagories.
Taxon (pl. taxa)
Plant group or animal groups included in category
Suffix for division
-phyta
Suffix for class
-opsida, -phycaea, -ae
Suffix for order
ales
Suffix for family
-aceae
Biological definition of species
A species is a group of members which can interbreed naturally and produce fertile progeny and is not applied to prokaryotes since they do asexual reproduction
Taxonomic concept of species
A species is determined on the basis of morphological characters
Taxonomic species
a group of individuals having fundamental morphological similarities
Genus
Taxa which comprises of related species which ahas more characters in common in comparison to species of other genera
Family
A group of related genera characterized on the basis of vegetative and reproductive features of the species
Order
Class
Related orders
Phylum
Classes comprising animals like fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds along with mammals.
Chordata (Phylum)
Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia.
Angiosperm (Phylum)
Dicotyledonae, Monocotyledonae.
Kingdom
Note 
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