Chapter 4 – Cell Metabolism Study Notes

Metabolism

All chemical reactions occurring in the body to maintain life.

Anabolism

Building molecules that uses ATP.

Catabolism

Breaking molecules that produces ATP.

Glycolysis

Anaerobic breakdown of glucose to produce energy.

Gluconeogenesis

Production of new glucose from non-carbohydrates, mainly protein.

LDL

Low-Density Lipoprotein, often referred to as 'bad' cholesterol.

HDL

High-Density Lipoprotein, often referred to as 'good' cholesterol.

Peptide bond

The bond that links amino acids together in proteins.

Transcription

The process of copying DNA to produce mRNA.

Translation

The process of converting mRNA to synthesize proteins.

Glycogen

Storage form of glucose found in liver and muscle.

Cellulose

Plant fiber that is not digestible but improves digestion.

Anaerobic Catabolism

Metabolic process that occurs without oxygen.

Aerobic Catabolism

Metabolic process that occurs with oxygen and produces large amounts of ATP.

Amino Acids

Building blocks of proteins, consisting of 20 total, with essential and nonessential types.

Urea

A product of ammonia detoxification performed by the liver, excreted by kidneys.

Saturation

The state of fat in the diet, particularly in relation to cholesterol production.

Nucleotides

The repeating units that make up DNA, consisting of a base, sugar, and phosphate.

Codon

A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.