Histology
The anatomical study of the microscopic structure of animal and plant tissue
Free Surface
Cells that line passageways (vessles, digestive system, air, etc...
Basement Membrane
Anchors epithelial tissue to the musculature... Think of the basement of a house, anchoring the house to the ground; last row of cells attach to this
Cell Connections
Bind cells together; provide permeability barrier and communication; think of a kid building blocks, cells are like the blocks, they wouldn't get knocked over if they had been connected
Desmosomes
Cell to cell connection; glycoproteins are like a natural, biological glue; filaments=protein wire
Hemidesmosomes
Cell to basement membrane cell connection
Tight Junctions
Hld cells together, act like a Zip Lock Bag - will not let out water; Consists of two parts Zonula Aderens and Zonula Occtudens
Zonula Adherens
Runs the lenth of the cell; actin protein
Zonula Occludens
Runs the lenth of the cell; HUGE thicc (not as thicc as you tho) fibers; at junction, actin tough filaments
Gap Juntions
Hold two parts, and allow molecules and ions through. Think of rivets
Glands
Lined with epithelial tissue; produce secretion
Endocrine Gland
An aggregate of cells WITHOUT a duct; relies on bloodstream and release of hormones
Exocrine Glands
Has a duct; a flask made of an aggregate of cells
Merocrine Glands
Water producing sweat glands; take materials from blood vessels like salt and water.
Apocrine Gland
Discharges fragments of the gland cells in the secretion
Holocrine Glands
Shed entire cells; entire cell becomes part of secretion
Connective Tissue
They support and suspend
Matrix
Background material; 3 parts: protein fibers, ground substance, and fluid; can be thin and watery or thick like cartilage (or your ass)
Collagen Fibers
Thicker, rope like, strong, long protein, support watery environment; ligaments/tendons
Reticular Fibers
Very fine, short, thin collogen, fibers; tendency to form an interlocking network; filler material; every basement membrane, organs (spleen, liver, kidneys)
Elastic Fibers
Contain protein elastin; its own category of protein, suspension like rubber band, found in all basement membranes
Blasts
Do bulk of work: young, active, and create matrix ex: Fibroblasts
Cytes
Put polish on; maintain the matrix mature cells ex: Fibrocytes
Ground Substance
The liquid, gelatinous or very dense substance that is the matrix minus fibers, blood vessels etc...
Squamous "Flat"
Interlock like a puzzle huge thin sheet. They transfer nutrients ex: lungs
Cuboidal "cube"
As tall as they are wide. If most appear cuboidal it is cuboidal epithelial tissue
Columnar "columns"
Taller than wide. Some have cilia. If cells are ciliated, must be columnar. Cilia sweeps away mucus.
Goblet Cells
Produce mucus. Only found in columnar cells, but not all columnar have mucus.
Simple Arrangement
Only one layer
Stratified Arragement
Two or more layers
Pseudostratified
One layer of cells, but it looks like many due to the different heights of the nuclei
Transitional Epithelial Tissue
Alter shape on circumstance; look half stratified, half cuboidal. Cytoplasm pushes up on the membrane
Urinary bladder
If empty, stratified cuboidal or columnar. If full stiatified squamous. Always look at the top 2-3 layers.
4 Main types of tissues
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous
Epithelial
Protective Covering
Connective
Supportive and connecting structures, Provide barrier, Passage for substances, secretes substances
Muscular
Movement
Nervous
Communication
Squamous
Flat, jigsaw pieces are blue, purple cytoplasm; blue nucleus. Their function is to diffuse, filter, secrete, and absorb. These are found in the lining of blood vessels, Alveoli, Lining of body cavities. Cells are enable molecules to be distributed rapidly, large surface area to volume ratio
Simple Cuboidal
Small cube-like shape (rarely perfect cube). The function is to diffuse molecules and transport secretions. They are found in the Kidney Tubules and Glands and gland ducts. ex: ring shaped formation around urine in the kidneys and around a developing egg in the ovaries
Simple Columnar
Elongated Nuclei, Blue cytoplasm, can have cilia and goblets. Found in the stomach, colon, and Fallopian tube
Stratified Squamous
Top layer clearly stratified. Bottom layers undefined cells. The function is to PROTECT against abrasion. Found in the esophagus and the vagina
Stratified Squamous-Keratinized
Top layer of cells- dead, lower layers are living. Their function is protection against abrasion. These are found in on the skin
Transitional Epithelial Tissue
Stratified cells with irregular shapes. Function is to accommodate fluctuations in volume of fluid. The can be found in the urinary bladder.
Pseudostratified Columnar
Little cellular definition, a single layer of cells but not all reach the free surface, contain cilia. Function is to synthesize and secrete mucus. Can be found in the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi. NUCLEI LOOK STRATIFIED BUT AREN'T
Glandular Epithelial Tissue
Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue. Dark Nuclei at edge, free surface passageway at center, big goblets therefore produces GOBS of mucus
Connective Tissue
Enclose and Separate, connecting tissues to one another, support and movement, storage, cushion and insulate
Adipose Tissue (FAT)
Ribbon-like cytoplasm, Large 'empty' space in the middle of the cell. Function is to insulate, store energy, and protect. Found throughout the body (Its fat dumbass)
Adipose Tissue info
Your liver stores sugar as glycogen, or converted to fat. Ribbon looking part is cytoplasm one nucleus per cell. Looks like yellow blobs. When you lose weight, you don't lose your fat cells, just the fat in them
Dense Regular
Fibers run in the same direction, little matrix visible. Function is for strength, resists pulling forces, attaches structures. Found in Tendons and Ligaments
Reticular
Fibers arranged in circle shape. Function is for lymph nodes structure, and support and strengthen the tissues. Found in lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow
Hyaline Cartilage
Cartilage cells (chondrocytes) surrounded by transparent collagen fibers, Chondrocytes surrounded by purple lacunae. Their function is to Rigid support with flexibility, foundation for bone formation, provide free movement between bones. Found in long bones, and articulating surface of bones
Elastic Cartilage
Found on ribs attach to the sternum by elastic cartilage. Pinkish and the back fuzzies are the elastic cartilage (bruh) ex) Ear
Fibro Cartilage
Similar to hyaline cartilage but with lots more collagen fibers
Areolar/ Loose Connective Tissue
Found of the basement membrane of epididymus
Mucus Connective Tissue
Only found this tissue in the womb of the umbilical cord. Has Wharton's Jelly between fibers. Very fiberous
Cancellous Bone Cell
Lattice structure and pink. Function is to scaffold without adding weight. Found in the interior of flat bones and Ends of long bones
Compact Bone Cell
Concentric circles around a central canal, Bone cells surrounded by lacunae. Function is to strengthen and support. Found in the outer portion of flat bones, Shafts of long bones
Bone Cell
Blood cells, fluid matrix. The function is to transport nutrients and remove waste. Found in the vessels