Histology Full Unit

Histology

The anatomical study of the microscopic structure of animal and plant tissue

Free Surface

Cells that line passageways (vessles, digestive system, air, etc...

Basement Membrane

Anchors epithelial tissue to the musculature... Think of the basement of a house, anchoring the house to the ground; last row of cells attach to this

Cell Connections

Bind cells together; provide permeability barrier and communication; think of a kid building blocks, cells are like the blocks, they wouldn't get knocked over if they had been connected

Desmosomes

Cell to cell connection; glycoproteins are like a natural, biological glue; filaments=protein wire

Hemidesmosomes

Cell to basement membrane cell connection

Tight Junctions

Hld cells together, act like a Zip Lock Bag - will not let out water; Consists of two parts Zonula Aderens and Zonula Occtudens

Zonula Adherens

Runs the lenth of the cell; actin protein

Zonula Occludens

Runs the lenth of the cell; HUGE thicc (not as thicc as you tho) fibers; at junction, actin tough filaments

Gap Juntions

Hold two parts, and allow molecules and ions through. Think of rivets

Glands

Lined with epithelial tissue; produce secretion

Endocrine Gland

An aggregate of cells WITHOUT a duct; relies on bloodstream and release of hormones

Exocrine Glands

Has a duct; a flask made of an aggregate of cells

Merocrine Glands

Water producing sweat glands; take materials from blood vessels like salt and water.

Apocrine Gland

Discharges fragments of the gland cells in the secretion

Holocrine Glands

Shed entire cells; entire cell becomes part of secretion

Connective Tissue

They support and suspend

Matrix

Background material; 3 parts: protein fibers, ground substance, and fluid; can be thin and watery or thick like cartilage (or your ass)

Collagen Fibers

Thicker, rope like, strong, long protein, support watery environment; ligaments/tendons

Reticular Fibers

Very fine, short, thin collogen, fibers; tendency to form an interlocking network; filler material; every basement membrane, organs (spleen, liver, kidneys)

Elastic Fibers

Contain protein elastin; its own category of protein, suspension like rubber band, found in all basement membranes

Blasts

Do bulk of work: young, active, and create matrix ex: Fibroblasts

Cytes

Put polish on; maintain the matrix mature cells ex: Fibrocytes

Ground Substance

The liquid, gelatinous or very dense substance that is the matrix minus fibers, blood vessels etc...

Squamous "Flat"

Interlock like a puzzle huge thin sheet. They transfer nutrients ex: lungs

Cuboidal "cube"

As tall as they are wide. If most appear cuboidal it is cuboidal epithelial tissue

Columnar "columns"

Taller than wide. Some have cilia. If cells are ciliated, must be columnar. Cilia sweeps away mucus.

Goblet Cells

Produce mucus. Only found in columnar cells, but not all columnar have mucus.

Simple Arrangement

Only one layer

Stratified Arragement

Two or more layers

Pseudostratified

One layer of cells, but it looks like many due to the different heights of the nuclei

Transitional Epithelial Tissue

Alter shape on circumstance; look half stratified, half cuboidal. Cytoplasm pushes up on the membrane

Urinary bladder

If empty, stratified cuboidal or columnar. If full stiatified squamous. Always look at the top 2-3 layers.

4 Main types of tissues

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous

Epithelial

Protective Covering

Connective

Supportive and connecting structures, Provide barrier, Passage for substances, secretes substances

Muscular

Movement

Nervous

Communication

Squamous

Flat, jigsaw pieces are blue, purple cytoplasm; blue nucleus. Their function is to diffuse, filter, secrete, and absorb. These are found in the lining of blood vessels, Alveoli, Lining of body cavities. Cells are enable molecules to be distributed rapidly, large surface area to volume ratio

Simple Cuboidal

Small cube-like shape (rarely perfect cube). The function is to diffuse molecules and transport secretions. They are found in the Kidney Tubules and Glands and gland ducts. ex: ring shaped formation around urine in the kidneys and around a developing egg in the ovaries

Simple Columnar

Elongated Nuclei, Blue cytoplasm, can have cilia and goblets. Found in the stomach, colon, and Fallopian tube

Stratified Squamous

Top layer clearly stratified. Bottom layers undefined cells. The function is to PROTECT against abrasion. Found in the esophagus and the vagina

Stratified Squamous-Keratinized

Top layer of cells- dead, lower layers are living. Their function is protection against abrasion. These are found in on the skin

Transitional Epithelial Tissue

Stratified cells with irregular shapes. Function is to accommodate fluctuations in volume of fluid. The can be found in the urinary bladder.

Pseudostratified Columnar

Little cellular definition, a single layer of cells but not all reach the free surface, contain cilia. Function is to synthesize and secrete mucus. Can be found in the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi. NUCLEI LOOK STRATIFIED BUT AREN'T

Glandular Epithelial Tissue

Simple Columnar Epithelial Tissue. Dark Nuclei at edge, free surface passageway at center, big goblets therefore produces GOBS of mucus

Connective Tissue

Enclose and Separate, connecting tissues to one another, support and movement, storage, cushion and insulate

Adipose Tissue (FAT)

Ribbon-like cytoplasm, Large 'empty' space in the middle of the cell. Function is to insulate, store energy, and protect. Found throughout the body (Its fat dumbass)

Adipose Tissue info

Your liver stores sugar as glycogen, or converted to fat. Ribbon looking part is cytoplasm one nucleus per cell. Looks like yellow blobs. When you lose weight, you don't lose your fat cells, just the fat in them

Dense Regular

Fibers run in the same direction, little matrix visible. Function is for strength, resists pulling forces, attaches structures. Found in Tendons and Ligaments

Reticular

Fibers arranged in circle shape. Function is for lymph nodes structure, and support and strengthen the tissues. Found in lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow

Hyaline Cartilage

Cartilage cells (chondrocytes) surrounded by transparent collagen fibers, Chondrocytes surrounded by purple lacunae. Their function is to Rigid support with flexibility, foundation for bone formation, provide free movement between bones. Found in long bones, and articulating surface of bones

Elastic Cartilage

Found on ribs attach to the sternum by elastic cartilage. Pinkish and the back fuzzies are the elastic cartilage (bruh) ex) Ear

Fibro Cartilage

Similar to hyaline cartilage but with lots more collagen fibers

Areolar/ Loose Connective Tissue

Found of the basement membrane of epididymus

Mucus Connective Tissue

Only found this tissue in the womb of the umbilical cord. Has Wharton's Jelly between fibers. Very fiberous

Cancellous Bone Cell

Lattice structure and pink. Function is to scaffold without adding weight. Found in the interior of flat bones and Ends of long bones

Compact Bone Cell

Concentric circles around a central canal, Bone cells surrounded by lacunae. Function is to strengthen and support. Found in the outer portion of flat bones, Shafts of long bones

Bone Cell

Blood cells, fluid matrix. The function is to transport nutrients and remove waste. Found in the vessels