Studied by 43 people
political machines
Powerful organizations linked to political parties. They controlled local government in many cities.
Boss Tweed
One of the most corrupt city bosses that headed N.Y. City's Democratic political machine (Tammany Hall)
kickback
an arrangement in which contractors padded the amount of their bill for city work and paid a percentage of that amount to the bosses.
the spoils system
Also called patronage, rewarded political supporters with jobs and favors.
civil service
The body of nonelected government workers.
Civil Service Commission
Established by the Pendleton Act, to set up competitive examinations for federal jobs.
trusts
A combination of companies formed by a legal agreement to reduce competition.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
First federal law to try control trusts and monopolies.
Interstate Commerce Act
It required railroads to charge "reasonable and just" rates and publish those rates.
muckraker
A journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society.
Ida Tarbell
Wrote The History of the Standard Oil Company and described the unfair practices of the oil trust.
Upton Sinclair
Wrote about the horrors of the meatpacking industry.
17th Amendment
Amendment to the Constitution to provide for the direct election of senators.
19th Amendment
Established women suffrage.
prohibition
The forbidding by law of the making or selling of alcoholic beverages.
suffragists
Men or women who fought for women's right to vote.
National Woman Suffrage Association
This organization was formed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony to promote suffragists.
Carry Nation
A crusader for the temperance movement. Was known for breaking bottles and kegs with an ax.
18th Amendment
This amendment was known as the Prohibition Law. Outlawed production and distribution of Alcohol.
Theodore Roosevelt
This former president was known as a trustbuster.
square deal
Fair and equal treatment for all (Roosevelt)
laissez-faire
policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy. Also means "let people do as they choose."
16th Amendment
This amendment gave Congress the power to tax people's income to generate revenue for the federal government.
Federal Reserve Act
This act regulated banking.
Initiative
enable reformers to propose legislation directly to the electorate., by passing an unresponsive legislature.
referendum
permitted voters to approve or reject legislative measures.
recall
enable voters to remove unsatisfactory public officials from office.
Federal Reserve Act
created 12 regional federal reserve banks, provided a flexible national currency and improved access to credit.
Federal Trade Commission
Wilson created to oversee business activity and prevent illegal restriction on competition. In 1914 Congress established the ________ to investigate corporations for unfair trade practices.
Interstate Commerce Commision
Was created to supervise the railroad industry.
Interstate Commerce Act
oversaw railroads, railroads must charge fair and reasonable rates
Hepburn Act (ICC)
establishes maximum amount railroads can charge
Lincoln Steffens
Exposed corruption in city governments. "shame of the Cities"
Wyoming
First state to grant women the right to vote
Alice Paul
founded National Woman's Party
Susan B. Anthony
founded National Woman Suffrage Association
Tammany Hall
Political machine of New York
Meat Inspection Act
Government regulate meat industry
Pure Food and Drug Act
Government requires proper labelling of food and medicine
Direct Primary
people choose candidates for elections
Woodrow Wilson
Democratic president (elected 1912)
Theodore Roosevelt
Republican president 1901-1904, Progressive Party candidate 1912
William Howard Taft
Republican President 1908..... Became Supreme Court Justice after losing in 1912
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