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Off line medical control that directs how and what an EMT can perform is called

medical protocols

If an EMT thinks a patient has a DNR order but isn't sure, the EMT should…

start CPR and call medical control

The term for bluish color of the skin is….

cyanosis

A dyspneic and SOB patient may lean forward propping up with his hands. This is called….

tripod position

List signs of inadequate breathing- check all that apply

cyanosis
speaking in short sentences
nasal flaring

When inserting an OPA, how do you measure to ensure appropriate size?

corner of mouth to earlobe

ABC

airway
breathing
circulation

What finding would indicate adequate capillary refill-

less than 2 seconds

RR 30 in adult

tachypnea

What posture should the back be in when lifting?

straight

CISD

critical incident stress debriefing

What events would most likely require a CISD?

death of a child
mass casualty
death of a crew member

After an MVA, a star is noted in the windshield- what injury might you suspect?

head and neck injuries

AVPU

Alert
Verbal
Pain (responsive to pain?)
Unresponsiveness

What is the highest level of EMT?

EMT-P/paramedic

What is the national EMS symbol?

star of life

A pulse of 112 is considered

tachycardia

You are caring for a patient who is profusely bleeding. What is your first intervention?

apply gloves and hold direct pressure

lowest level of training for emt/paramedic

EMT-B (basic)

First Priority for an EMT in the field is..

SCENE SAFTEY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

You are caring for a patient with a suspected cervical spine injury. How do you open the airway?

jaw thrust

What is the compression to breath ratio for adults?

30:2

What kind of splint would you use for a femur fracture?

traction splint

EMT-B

minimum amount of training for an EMT (NOT a first responder they get the most minimum amount of training)

EMT-A

emt advanced

EMT-P

emt paramedic highest level of training

cyanosis is found....

in skin, lips, nail beds
caused by a shortage of oxygen

inadequate breathing

tripod breathing, wheezing, coughing, pursed lip breathing, pulse ox below 89%

head tilt chin lift

jaw thrust

use when you suspect neck injury

OPA

Oropharyngeal airway - maintains open airway
MOUTH

how to measure for OPA

measuring from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw

or from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe

NPA

nasopharyngeal airway - used to maintain open airway
use lube
NOSE

how to measure for NPA

measure from the tip of your patient's nose to the tip of their earlobe

capillary refill

assess profusion and oxygenation - how well body pumps blood
should be less than 2 seconds

what body part do you use to lift

LEGS not back

when should you use a tourniquet

last resort - could cut off blood flow and get nerve damage from it

splints should...

fit snug

splint for the femur?

traction splint

AMS

altered mental status

causes of AMS

low/high blood sugar, hypoxia, dementia, drugs/alcohol, head injuries

care for a seizure pt?

lay on their LEFT side
remove dangers from the area
support head w pillows if u can

care for burns

hYDRDRATION!

care for impaled object

leave it in
roll up thick dressings/gauze so it doesn't get dislodged

hypoxia

lack of oxygen to cells

normal adult respiration range

12-20

NRB

non rebreather mask
12 - 15 lpm
HIGH concentration oxygen delivery >90%

BVM

bag valve mask
15 lpm

NC

nasal cannula
1 - 6 lpm
LOW concentration oxygen delivery

SAMPLE

Signs/Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events leading up to casualty

normal pulse ranges for adults

60-100

normal bp ranges adults

systolic: 90-130
diastolic: 60-90

normal pulse ox

96%-100% is fine

PERRL

Pupils
Equal
Round
Reactive to
Light

off line medical control

authorizes the EMT to perform particular skills in certain situation

online medical control

EMT requesting orders from medical control via radio or phone before doing certain procedures

universal precautions

use ppe

implied consent

when patient wants/receives treatment without explicitly asking for it
like when ur at the doctors office and they prescribe u meds or do blood tests and u just accept it cause ur tryna get treated
OR WHEN PATIENT IS UNCONSCIOUS

DNR

do not resuscitate order forbidding cpr and other life saving measures

abrasion

small scrape

contusion

bruise

laceration

cut or tear in skin

puncture

object is in or goes through skin

ligament

connects BONE to BONE

tendon

connects MUSCLE to BONE

cpr ratios normal adult

30 compressions 2 breaths

cpr ratios normal baby

30 compressions 2 breathsc

cpr ratios normal baby 2 PERSONS

15 compressions 2 breaths

depth of compressions

adult: 2 hands 2 inches
child: 1 hand 2 inches
infant: 2 fingers >2 inches

when do you do cpr?

no breathing no pulse