Off line medical control that directs how and what an EMT can perform is called
medical protocols
If an EMT thinks a patient has a DNR order but isn't sure, the EMT shouldā¦
start CPR and call medical control
The term for bluish color of the skin isā¦.
cyanosis
A dyspneic and SOB patient may lean forward propping up with his hands. This is calledā¦.
tripod position
List signs of inadequate breathing- check all that apply
cyanosis speaking in short sentences nasal flaring
When inserting an OPA, how do you measure to ensure appropriate size?
corner of mouth to earlobe
ABC
airway breathing circulation
What finding would indicate adequate capillary refill-
less than 2 seconds
RR 30 in adult
tachypnea
What posture should the back be in when lifting?
straight
CISD
critical incident stress debriefing
What events would most likely require a CISD?
death of a child mass casualty death of a crew member
After an MVA, a star is noted in the windshield- what injury might you suspect?
head and neck injuries
AVPU
Alert Verbal Pain (responsive to pain?) Unresponsiveness
What is the highest level of EMT?
EMT-P/paramedic
What is the national EMS symbol?
star of life
A pulse of 112 is considered
tachycardia
You are caring for a patient who is profusely bleeding. What is your first intervention?
apply gloves and hold direct pressure
lowest level of training for emt/paramedic
EMT-B (basic)
First Priority for an EMT in the field is..
SCENE SAFTEY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
You are caring for a patient with a suspected cervical spine injury. How do you open the airway?
jaw thrust
What is the compression to breath ratio for adults?
30:2
What kind of splint would you use for a femur fracture?
traction splint
EMT-B
minimum amount of training for an EMT (NOT a first responder they get the most minimum amount of training)
EMT-A
emt advanced
EMT-P
emt paramedic highest level of training
cyanosis is found....
in skin, lips, nail beds caused by a shortage of oxygen
inadequate breathing
tripod breathing, wheezing, coughing, pursed lip breathing, pulse ox below 89%
head tilt chin lift
jaw thrust
use when you suspect neck injury
OPA
Oropharyngeal airway - maintains open airway MOUTH
how to measure for OPA
measuring from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw
or from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe
NPA
nasopharyngeal airway - used to maintain open airway use lube NOSE
how to measure for NPA
measure from the tip of your patient's nose to the tip of their earlobe
capillary refill
assess profusion and oxygenation - how well body pumps blood should be less than 2 seconds
what body part do you use to lift
LEGS not back
when should you use a tourniquet
last resort - could cut off blood flow and get nerve damage from it
splints should...
fit snug
splint for the femur?
traction splint
AMS
altered mental status
causes of AMS
low/high blood sugar, hypoxia, dementia, drugs/alcohol, head injuries
care for a seizure pt?
lay on their LEFT side remove dangers from the area support head w pillows if u can
care for burns
hYDRDRATION!
care for impaled object
leave it in roll up thick dressings/gauze so it doesn't get dislodged
hypoxia
lack of oxygen to cells
normal adult respiration range
12-20
NRB
non rebreather mask 12 - 15 lpm HIGH concentration oxygen delivery >90%
BVM
bag valve mask 15 lpm
NC
nasal cannula 1 - 6 lpm LOW concentration oxygen delivery
SAMPLE
Signs/Symptoms Allergies Medications Past medical history Last oral intake Events leading up to casualty
normal pulse ranges for adults
60-100
normal bp ranges adults
systolic: 90-130 diastolic: 60-90
normal pulse ox
96%-100% is fine
PERRL
Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light
off line medical control
authorizes the EMT to perform particular skills in certain situation
online medical control
EMT requesting orders from medical control via radio or phone before doing certain procedures
universal precautions
use ppe
implied consent
when patient wants/receives treatment without explicitly asking for it like when ur at the doctors office and they prescribe u meds or do blood tests and u just accept it cause ur tryna get treated OR WHEN PATIENT IS UNCONSCIOUS
DNR
do not resuscitate order forbidding cpr and other life saving measures
abrasion
small scrape
contusion
bruise
laceration
cut or tear in skin
puncture
object is in or goes through skin
ligament
connects BONE to BONE
tendon
connects MUSCLE to BONE
cpr ratios normal adult
30 compressions 2 breaths
cpr ratios normal baby
30 compressions 2 breathsc
cpr ratios normal baby 2 PERSONS
15 compressions 2 breaths
depth of compressions
adult: 2 hands 2 inches child: 1 hand 2 inches infant: 2 fingers >2 inches
when do you do cpr?
no breathing no pulse