A2.2 Cell Organelles

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: mitochondria

double membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: vesicles

single membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: chloroplast

double membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: nucleus

double membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: smooth ER

single membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: lysosomes

single membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: vacuoles

single membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: ribosomes

no membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: rough ER

single membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: Golgi apparatus

single membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: centrioles

no membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: microtubules

no membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: proteasomes

no membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: nucleoli

no membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: amyloplasts

double membrane

no membrane, single membrane, or double membrane: chromoloplasts

double membrane

breaks down sugars to produce ATP via aerobic cellular respiration and digests fat

mitochondria

space between outer and inner membrane of mitochondria

intermembrane

space inside inner membrane full of fluid where Krebs Cycle occurs

matrix

folds of inner membrane of mitochondria

cristae

ATP synthase is located on the surface of what?

cristae

rounded single membrane sacs with materials moving inside them; they’re continuously made, moved, and merged

vesicles

protein that helps the membrane form a bubble to pinch off in order to form a vesicle

clathrin

stacks of thylakoids forming grana that is surrounded by stroma; contains pigments that have excitable electrons and performs photosynthesis

chloroplast

system of internal membranes (disks) in chloroplast

thylakoids

stack of thylakoids in chloroplast

granum

fluid around thylakoids in chloroplast

stroma

double membrane container with pores that holds the DNA which holds the info to what proteins that cell is capable of making

nucleus

branched network of tubules and circles/ovals that is made of cisternae but has no ribosomes bound to it; makes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids and can store calcium ions

smooth ER

sacs of smooth ER

cisternae

stores ions/compartmentalization in smooth ER

sarcoplasmic reticulum

“watch dogs of the cells” that constrains enzymes to break down food, foreign invaders, and other organelles, basically functioning as the digestive system of the cell

lysosomes

storage bubble that stores nutrients, waste, and water; found in some eukaryotic cells and is very large in plant cells

vacuole

synthesize protein to work in the cytoplasm and enzymes; found in ER and cytoplasm, except for free ones that float around in cytoplasm making proteins that could be used as enzymes or have specialized functions

ribosome

The more similar two organisms’ proteins are, the more ____ their DNA

similar

network of cisterna that contains ribosomes and is involved in transporting proteins that are made by these ribosomes; membrane is flexible and pinch off into vesicles with proteins inside to transport them along microtubules

rough ER

Each vesicle in the rough ER contains what built by ribosomes?

proteins

flattened membrane sheets in rough ER

cisterna

stack of cisternae with no ribosomes but many vesicles around it that processes and modifies proteins from the ER and packages them into vesicles, many of which are for secretion

Golgi apparatus

Which organelle is responsible for making lysosomes?

Golgi apparatus

theory that vesicles from rough ER coalesce to form new cisternae on the cis side and move through the Golgi until they reach the trans side where they pinch off into a vesicle

cisternal maturation model

theory that molecules in transit are moved through the cisternae in sequence, carried by transport vesicles

vesicle transport model

move materials around the cell (organelles, chromosomes, protein fragments)

microtubules

form the anchor point for other microtubules to attach to during cell division

centrioles

provide movement of either the cell or the fluids surrounding the cell (hint: there’s two)

cilia and flagella

found in plants, they’re a family of organelles with two outer membranes and internal membrane sacs

plastids

a rigid layer outside the plasma membrane to strengthen and protect the cell; made of chitin in fungi and made of cellulose in plants

cell wall

in animals, they expel excess water, digest food, etc.; in fungi and plants, they’re used for storage and pressurizing the cell

vacuole

in animals, it’s used to construct the spindle that moves chromosomes and cilia and flagella; in fungi and plants, it’s at the base of the flagellum

centriole

cilia and flagella

undulipodia

present in many animal cells; not present in fungi and plants except when they have male gametes that swim using flagella

undulipodia