Chemistry Review

Chemistry Flashcards

Which subatomic particles are in the nucleus of an oxygen atom?

Protons and Neutrons

How do the charges and numbers of protons and electrons compare in an atom?

Have opposite charges and are equal in number

In the wave-mechanical model, what identifies a region in an atom where electrons are most likely located?

Orbital

What distinguishes isotopes of carbon (like C-12 and C-13) in terms of their subatomic particles?

A different number of neutrons

At STP, what property can differentiate between a 2.0-gram sample of oxygen and a 2.0-gram sample of helium?

Phase of each sample

How do the molecular structures and properties of oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) compare?

They have different molecular structures and different properties.

Which substance can be broken down by chemical means?

Ammonia

What type of bonding is present in a sample of zinc at STP?

Metallic Bonding

Which formula represents a nonpolar molecule?

CH4

Given the reaction F + F → F2, what occurs during this reaction regarding energy?

Energy is released as a bond is formed.

Based on Table S, which Group 16 element has the greatest attraction for electrons in a chemical bond?

Oxygen

A solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate in water is classified as what type of mixture?

Homogeneous mixture

In which sample of matter can the proportion of its components be varied?

KBr(aq)

According to the kinetic molecular theory, what type of motion do particles of an ideal gas have?

Random, constant, straight-line motion

A chemical reaction is most likely to occur when reactant particles collide with the proper orientation and proper what?

Energy

At STP, which sample contains the same number of molecules as 44 liters of NO2(g) at STP?

44 L of O2(g)

Based on Table I, which chemical change is exothermic?

2C(s) + 3H2(g) -> C2H6(g)

Which term identifies a factor that affects the rate of a chemical reaction?

Surface area

Which phrase represents the net amount of energy released or absorbed during a chemical reaction?

The potential energy of the products minus the potential energy of the reactants

A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction by providing an alternate pathway with what?

Lower activation energy

Systems in nature tend to undergo changes toward what?

Lower energy and more disorder

What is the approximate mass of an ion with 12 protons, 13 neutrons, and 10 electrons?

25 u

Given bright-line spectra, which mixture contains element X?

Mixture D

How do electronegativity and atomic radius generally change across the first seven elements in Period 3?

Electronegativity increases and atomic radius decreases.

What is the chemical name for KClO2?

Potassium chlorite

What is the percent by mass of oxygen in CH3COOH (gram-formula mass = 60. g/mol)?

53%

How many electrons are shared between the carbon atom and the oxygen atom in a molecule of the given compound (H-C=O-H)?

4

What energy transfer occurs when copper at 100°C is placed in water at 20°C?

Thermal energy is transferred from the copper to the water

How does the average kinetic energy of gas molecules in Diagram 1 compare to that in Diagram 2?

Comparison of Kinetic Energy

What is the volume of O2(g) in Diagram 2 when conditions are changed to STP?

Determining the Volume of O2(g) at STP

Determine the pressure, in atmospheres, of the nitrogen gas in Diagram 1.

Determining Pressure in Atmospheres

Compare the potential energy of molecules before and after vaporization.

Comparing Potential Energy

Determine the heat required to melt 50.0g of a molecular compound with a heat of fusion of 127 J/g at its melting point.

Heat Required for Melting

Explain why the boiling point of a molecular compound is lower than water's, in terms of intermolecular forces.

Intermolecular Forces and Boiling Point