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muscles of neck extension
rectus capitis posterior major
rectus capitis posterior minor
semispinalis capitis
splenius capitis
longissimus capitis
trapezius
muscles of neck lateral flexion
trapezius
scalene anterior
scalene medius
scalene posterior
muscles of neck flexion
longus capitis
rectus capitis anterior
SCM (both contracting)
muscles of neck rotation- same side
rectus capitis posterior major and minor
splenius capitis
splenius cervicis
muscles of neck rotation- oppositie side
SCM
semispinalis capitis
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
origin: two heads
-sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
-calvicular head: superior surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle
insertion: mastoid process
innervation:
- motor- spinal portion CN XI
-pain/pripriooception- C2 and C3
action:
-bilaterally- flexion of head, elevate sternum during forceful inhalation
-unilaterally- rotate had towards opposite side of contracting muscle
Trapezius
origin: occipital protuberance and C7-T12 spinous processes
insertion: clavicle, acromion process, scapula
innervation: CN XI, C3 and C4
action: upper fibers- retracts/adducts, elevates, and rotates scapula
lower fibers- depresses scapula
Infraspinatus
origin: infraspinatus of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
innervation: suprascapular nerve
action: lateral rotation of arm, stabilizes humerus
Rhomboid Major
origin: spinous processes of T2-T5
insertion: medial border of scapula, inferior to the insertion of rhomboid minor
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
action: retract/adduct scapula, downward rotation of scapula to depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall
Rhomboid Minor
origin: spinous processes of C7-T1
insertion: medial border of scapula, superior to insertion of rhomboid major
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
action: retract/adduct and downward rotation of scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall
Teres Major
origin: posterior aspect of inferior angle of scapula
insertion: humerus
innervation: lower sup scapular nerve (C5 -C6)
action: adduct humerus, medial rotation of humerus, extend humerus form flexed position, protract/abduct scapula, depress shoulder
Teres Minor
origin: lateral border of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
innervation: axillary nerve
actions: lateral (upward) rotation of arm, stabilizes humerus
Splenius Capitis
origin: C7-T4 spinous processes
insertion: mastoid process
innervation: C3, C4
action: bilaterally- extend/hyperextend head and neck
unilaterally- laterally flex and rotate face to same side
Splenius Cervicis
origin: T3-T6 spinous processes
insertion: transverse processes C1-C3
innervation: C5-C6
action: bilaterally - extend neck
unilaterally- laterally flex and rotate neck toward same side
Latissimus Dorsi
origin: T7-T12, L1-L5 spinous processes and iliac crest
insertion: humerus
innervation: thoracodorsal N (C6-C8)
action: extension, adduction, and medial rotation of shoulder joint
Levator Scapulae
origin: C1-C4 transverse processes
insertion: scapula
innervation: C3-C5
action: elevate scapula
erector spinae- lateral column
iliocostalis lumborum
iliocostalis thoracis
iliocostalis cervicis
erector spinae- intermediate column
longissimus thoracis
longissimus cervicis
longissimus capitis
erector spinae- medial column
spinalis thoracis
spinalis cervicis
spinalis capitis
Erector Spinae muscle group
action: bilaterally- extend vertebrae column
unilaterally- rotate vertebrae column, lateral flexion
Iliocostalis Lumborum
origin: ribs 6-12, lateral crest of sacrum, medial end of iliac crest, vertebrae L1-L4
action: extend and laterally flex vertebral column
Iliocostalis Thoracis
origin: ribs 6-12
insertion: ribs 1-6, transverse process of C7
action: extend and laterally flex vertebral column
Iliocostalis Cervicis
origin: ribs 3-6
insertion: transverse process of C4-C6
action: extend and laterally flex vertebral column
Longissimus Thoracis
origin: transverse process of L1-L5
insertion: transverse process of T1-T12, ribs 9-10
action: extend head
Longissimus Cervicis
origin: transverse process of T1-T5
insertion: transverse process of C2-C6
action: extend head
Longissimus Capitis
origin: transverse process of T1-T5 and C4-C7
insertion: mastoid process
action: extend head
Spinalis Thoracis
origin: spinous process of T11-L2
insertion: spinous process of T-14
Spinous Cervicis
Origin: spinous process of C2-T2
Insertion: spinous process of C2
Action: extend head
Spinous Capitis
Origin: C4-C6
Insertion: occipital bone
Action: extend head
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Origin: T11-L2
Insertion: ribs 9-12
Innervation: intercostal nerves
Action: depress lower ribs aiding in inspiration
Serratus Posterior Superior
origin: spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T3
insertion: upper borders of ribs 2-5
innervation: 2-5 intercostal nerves
action: raise upper ribs aiding in inspiration
Pectoralis Major
Origin: anterior borer of medial half of clavicle, anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages
Insertion: bicipital groove of humerus
innervation: C5-T1
actions: flex, extend, adduct, and medially rotate humerus; draw scapula anterior and inferior
Pectoralis Minor
origin: ribs 3-5
insertion: medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
innervation: medial pectoral nerve C8, T1
action: stabilize scapula by drawing inferior and anterior against thoracic wall, raises ribs in inspiration
Serratus Anterior
origin: outer surface ribs 1-8
insertion: costal aspect of medial margin of scapula
innervation: long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5-C7)
action: protract/abduct and stabilize scapula, assist in upward rotation of scapula
Transversus Thoracis
origin: body of sternum, xiphoid process
insertion: ribs/costal cartilages 2-6
innervation: intercostal nerves
action: depress ribs
diaphragm anterior muscle fibers insertion
xiphoid process
diaphragm lateral muscle fibers insertion
ribs 6-12
diaphragm posterior muscle fiber insertion
T12-L3
Diaphragm sternal attachment
xiphoid process
diaphragm costal attachment
lower 6 ribs (6-12)
costal cartilages
diaphragm vertebral attachment
bodies of lumbar vertebrae
-right crus - higher (liver)
-left crus
medial arcuate ligament of diaphragm
body to transverse process of L1
passes over psoas major muscle and sympathetic trunk
lateral arcuate ligament of diaphragm
transverse process L1-12th rib
passes over quadratus lumborum muscle
Diaphragm Innvervation
phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
lower intercostal nerves (peripheral)- sensory only
Throracic wall muscles
(innermost intercostal, internal intercostal, external intercostal)
origin: upper limb muscles attach to thoracic cage
innervation: intercostal nerves, posterior rami of T1-T11
action: elevate ribs during inspirations, depress ribs
External Intercostal Muscles
origin: ribs 1-11
insertion: ribs 2-12
action: responsible for elevation of ribs, aid in quiet and forced inhalation
Internal Intercostal muscles
origin: ribs 1-11
insertion: ribs 2-12
action: depression of ribs, decreasing transverse dimensions of thoracic cavity, aid in forced expiration and coughing
muscles of forced inspiration
serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior
scalene muscle group
external intercostal muscle group
levatores costarum
diaphragm
SCM
trapezius
accessory muscles of forced inspiration
scalene muscle group
SCM
Ala nasi
anterior/middle/posterior scalene
origin: C2-7
Insertion: 1st and 2nd ribs
Action: elevate ribs and rotate neck
innervation: C4-C8
muscles of forced (active) expiration
internal intercostal
abdominal muscles
muscles of quiet expiration
none :)
muscles of quiet inspiration
external intercostals, diaphragm
Note
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