APUSH U7: PT 2

Progressivism

Progressivism

-The movement in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation

-fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution

• was aimed not at one issue but rather many
  -Anti-monopoly/Social Cohesion
  -Application of natural and social sciences to society for the purpose of good

Muckrakers

-1906
-crusading journalists who attempted to inform the public of social, economic, and political injustices

-They had a few areas in their sights such as Corrupt businesses and corporations (railroad industry), corrupt government 🡪 political machines, and the plight of workers

Social Gospel

-A movement in the late 1800s / early 1900s which emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation

Settlement House Movement

-an early progressive reform movement

-largely lead by women, which sought to offer services such as childcare and free healthcare to help the working poor

-Created places that offered social services to the urban poor (often food, shelter, and basic higher education)

-Hull House was most famous settlement house built

Jane Addams

-Pioneer settlement social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace

-the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes

Hull House

-settlement house founded by Progressive reformer Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889

-designed as a welfare agency for needy families

-It provided social and educational opportunities for working class people in the neighborhood as well as improving some of the conditions caused by poverty

New Woman

-Image created of a woman of the turn of the 20th century

-often from the middle class who dressed practically, moved about freely, lived apart from her family, and supported herself

Nineteenth Amendment

-1920
-granted women the right to vote

Equal Rights Amendment

-1923
-constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified

-Passed three years after the ratification of the 19th amendment -Was originally proposed to congress in an effort to secure full equality for women

-It seeked to end the legal distinctions and overall discrimination between men and women in terms of

• divorce

• property

• employment and other matters

Commission Plan

-1901

-A plan in which a city's government is divided into different departments with different functions, each placed under the control of a commissioner

Initiative

-1913

-procedure by which a certain number of voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment by means of a petition

Referendum

-1913

-A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment

Direct Primary

-1915

-a primary where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office.

recall

-1913

-A procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office before the end of their term.

Robert La Follette

-Progressive Wisconsin governor

-The most influential of the state-level progressive governors and a presidential aspirant in 1912

-attacked machine politics and pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

-March 1911

-fire in New York factory that trapped young women workers inside locked exit doors

-nearly 50 ended up jumping to their death; while 100 died inside the factory

-led to the establishment of many factory reforms, including increasing safety precautions for workers

W.E.B. Du Bois

-Work towards long lasting social change

-helped establish the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

-believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediately

NAACP

-Interracial organization founded in 1909

-Advocated to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans

Womens Christian Temperance Union

-Founded in 1874

-organization advocated for the prohibition of alcohol, using women's supposedly greater purity and morality as a rallying point

Eighteenth Amendment

-1919

-"Prohibition Law"
-declared it illegal to make, transport, or sell alcohol in the United States.

Eugenics

-The "science" of improving human stock by giving "the more suitable races or strains of blood a better chance of prevailing speedily over the less suitable."

-A movement was made in an effort to grade races and ethnic groups based on their genetic qualities

^sterilized those who were undesirable for reproduction and believed human inequalities were hereditary and immigration was contributing to the number of unfit people

Eugene Debs

-An American union leader and leader of the Pullman Strike of 1894

-several times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States

-eventually became one of the best-known socialists living in the United States
-Socialist Party of America