movements of the upper limb (scapula, shoulder, elbow, wrist)

movements of scapula

• elevation

• depression

• protraction

• retraction

• upward rotation

• downward rotation

muscles involved in elevation of scapula (4)

• upper trapezius

• levator scapulae

• rhomboid major

• rhomboid minor

muscles involved in depression of scapula (3)

• lower trapezius

• pectoralis minor

• latissimus dorsi

muscles involved in protraction of scapula (2)

• serratus anterior

• pectoralis minor

muscles involved in retraction of scapula (3)

• middle trapezius

• rhomboid major

• rhomboid minor

muscles involved in upward rotation of scapula (3)

• upper trapezius

• lower trapezius

• serratus anterior

muscles involved in downward rotation of scapula (4)

• pectoralis minor

• rhomboid major

• rhomboid minor

• levator scapulae

movements of shoulder

• flexion

• extension

• abduction

• adduction

• circumduction

• medial rotation

• lateral rotation

muscles involved in flexion of shoulder (3)

• deltoid (anterior)

• pectoralis major

• biceps brachii

muscles involved in extension of shoulder (4)

• deltoid (posterior)

• latissimus dorsi

• teres major

• triceps (long head)

muscles involved in abduction of shoulder (2)

• deltoid (middle)

• supraspinatus

muscles involved in adduction of shoulder (3)

• pectoralis major

• latissimus dorsi

• teres major

muscles involved in medial rotation of shoulder (4)

• subscapularis

• pectoralis major

• latissimus dorsi

• teres major

muscles involved in lateral rotation of shoulder (3)

• deltoid (posterior)

• infraspinatus

• teres minor

elbow movements

• flexion

• extension

muscles involved in flexion of elbow (3)

• biceps brachii

• brachialis

• brachioradialis

muscles involved in extension of elbow (2)

• triceps brachii

• anconeus

wrist movements

• flexion

• extension

• abduction

• adduction

muscles involved in flexion of wrist (3)

• flexor carpi radialis

• flexor carpi ulnaris

• palmaris longus

muscles involved in extension of wrist (3)

• extensor carpi radialis longus

• extensor carpi radialis brevis

• extensor carpi ulnaris

muscles involved in abduction/radial deviation of wrist (3)

• flexor carpi radialis

• extensor carpi radialis longus

• extensor carpi radialis brevis

muscles involved in adduction/ulnar deviation of wrist (2)

• flexor carpi ulnaris

• extensor carpi ulnaris