Mitosis and Cell Division Process

Flashcards covering key concepts in cell division, including the phases of mitosis, interphase stages, and related terminology.

Prophase

The first step of mitosis where the chromosomes become visible and the nucleus is still present.

Metaphase

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes align in the middle of the cell and the nucleus is disassembled.

Anaphase

The stage where chromosomes move away towards the poles of the cell, pulled by spindle fibers.

Telophase

The final stage of mitosis where new nuclei form around the separated chromosomes.

Cytokinesis

The process following mitosis where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate daughter cells.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death that occurs if DNA is damaged and cannot be repaired before cell division.

G1 phase

The initial stage of interphase where the cell grows and duplicates its organelles.

S phase

The stage where DNA is replicated, doubling the genetic information.

G2 phase

The phase where the cell synthesizes necessary proteins for mitosis.

M checkpoint

A checkpoint in cell division that ensures spindle fibers are properly attached before chromosomes separate.

Centrosome

The structure made up of a pair of centrioles that helps organize microtubules during cell division.

Chromatin

The loose form of DNA in the nucleus that condenses into chromosomes during cell division.

Diploid

Cells that have two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Haploid

Cells that have only one complete set of chromosomes, typically seen in gametes.