Medterm Chapter 7

Cardiology

The study of the cardiovascular system

What do cardiologists treat?

Coronary artery disease, congenital heart defects, myocardial infarction, and many other conditions

What does the cardiovascular system consist of?

The heart and blood vessels

What is the heart?

Cardiac muscle tissue that pushes blood thru the vessels

Heart Composition?

Made of myocardium that contracts to push blood thru vessels + a thin layer of smooth endocardium lines the heart & reduces friction

Septum Division?

Divides the heart into Right + Left sides; Right side pumps blood to the lungs & left side pumps blood to the body

Chamber Division?

Lower + Upper chambers; Left & Right Atria are upper chambers that receive blood; Left & Right are lower chambers that pump blood

How many valves control the flow of blood in the heart?

4

What are the valves of the heart?

Tricuspid & Mitral; Aortic Valve & Pulmonary Valve

Tricuspid + Mitral (Bicuspid)

Between the upper and lower chambers; tricuspid on right side + mitral on left side

Aortic Valve + Pulmonary Valve

Aortic valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta & pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

How many types of vessels are there + name them?

3; Arteries, capillaries, & veins

Arteries

Carry blood AWAY from the heart + toward a capillary bed

Arterial Wall

Contains a thick layer of smooth muscle & can contract or relax

Pulmonary Arteries

Most arteries carry oxygenated blood, but the arteries from the heart to the lungs carry deoxygenated blood

Capillaries

The point of exchange with tissues; very thin in order to facilitate this exchange

Capillary Bed

Group of capillaries; where blood gives up oxygen + nutrients & takes on wastes

Veins

Carry blood BACK to the heart; have a thin layer of smooth muscle

Venous Valves

Prevent the backflow and pooling of blood

Pulmonary Veins

Most veins carry deoxygenated blood but the veins from the lungs to the heart carry oxygenated blood

Angi/o

Vessel

Aort/o

Aorta

Arteri/o

Artery

Arteriol/o

Arteriole

Ather/o

Fatty substance, plaque

Cardi/o

Heart

Coron/o

Heart

Embol/o

Plug

Isch/o

To hold back

Phleb/o

Vein

Sphygm/o

Pulse

Steth/o

Chest

Thromb/o

Clot

Valv/o

Valve

Valvul/o

Valve

Varic/o

Dilated vein

Vas/o

Blood vessel

Vascul/o

Blood vessel

Ven/o

Vein

Ventricul/o

Ventricle

Venul/o

Venule

Cutane/o

Skin

Electr/o

Electricity

Esophag/o

Esophagus

Lip/o

Fat

My/o

Muscle

Pulmon/o

Lung

Son/o

Sound

-ac

Pertaining to

-al

Pertaining to

-ar

Pertaining to

-ary

Pertaining to

-dynia

Pain

-eal

Pertaining to

-ectomy

Surgical removal

-emia

Blood condition

-genic

Producing

-gram

A record

-graphy

Process of recording

-ia

Condition

-ic

Pertaining to

-ism

State of

-itis

Inflammation

-logist

One who studies

-logy

Study of

-lysis

To destroy

-lytic

Destruction

-manometer

Instrument to measure pressure

-megaly

Enlarged

-ole

Small

-oma

Tumor, mass

-ose

Pertaining to

-osis

Abnormal condition

-otomy

Cutting into

-ous

Pertaining to

-pathy

Disease

-plasty

Surgical repair

-rrhaphy

Suture

-rrhexis

Rupture

-sclerosis

Hardening

-scope

Instrument for viewing

-spasm

Involuntary muscle contraction

-stenosis

Narrowing

-tic

Pertaining to

-ule

Small

a-

Without

anti-

Against

brady-

Slow

echo-

A repeated sound

endo-

Within, inner

hyper-

Excessive

hypo-

Below, insufficient

inter-

Between

intra-

Within

per-

Through

peri-

Around

poly-

Many

tachy-

Fast

trans-

Across

ultra-

Excess