psychopharmacology

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42 Terms

1

dopamine

excitatory, product of tryosine

emotional response, complex movements, cognitive function

-key neurotransmitter regulated with anti-psychotic meds for schizo

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2

serotonin

inhibitory, 2x receptors in the body

-emotional regulation, sex, temp regulation, pain management

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3

norepinephrine

excitatory, most common neurotransmitters in system

learning, sleep, mood, memory, attention

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4

histamine

neuromodulation- regulates histamine, glutamate, S, D, GABA

-sleep wake (alertness and wakefulness), GI, allergic response, cardiac stimulation

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5

GABA

inhibitory neurotransmitter, amino acid

-neural development, improves sleeplessness, minimizes depression

-benzos

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6

glutamate

excitatory amino acid and neurotransmitter, work with dopamine

-motor function, affect, cognition and function

-high levels can serve as precursor to manifestations of psychosis

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7

acetylcholine

Excitatory and inhibitory, receptors mostly found in skeletal muscle

-sleep wake and primary neurotransmitter in muscle function

-alzheimer’s meds are used to increase the concentration of acetylcholine

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8

Benzodiazepines

most prescribed meds to treat anxiety. regulates GABA by creating a major inhibitory effect causing large amounts of dopamine to be released

-can lead to addiction and CNS sedation

-can be reversed using fluzamenil

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9

buspirone

partial serotonin receptor agonist and weak dopamine antagonist and used to treat chronic anxiety.

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10

nurse education for anxiolytics

used to treat symptoms of anxiety not the cause, plan days when one will be on a benzo and risk of addiction

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11

MAOIs

monoamine oxidase inhibitors, increasing the amount of time MA transmitter (S and D) can function before being degraded

side effects: weight gain, sedation, sexual dysfunction, and insomnia

avoid foods with tryamine (in aged and fermented food)

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12

TCA

blocking reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in presynaptic receptors

-dry mouth and constipation and ortho hypo

-takes a few weeks to take effect

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13

SSRIs

block serotonin reuptake selectively in the presynaptic receptors

side effects: nausea, agitation, sexual dysfunction

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14

SNRIs

serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake are selectively blocked in the presynaptic gap

-appetite suppresion

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15

antidepressant education

can lead to worsening depression, and exhibition of unusal behaviors and most antidepressants take a few weeks to work

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16

serotonin syndrome

causes: intentional OD, LSD, ST. johns wort

restlessness, tachycardia, high BP, muscle rigidity, sweating, loss of muscle control

care: stabilize vitals, benzos for sedation, serotonin agonst like cyproheptadine

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17

activation syndrome

impulsivity, and suicidal ideation that may present after stating an SSRI

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18

lithium toxcity early

confusion, poor coordination, GI upset, coarse tremorl

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19

lithium toxicity advanced

2.0-2.5; seizures and stupor, diluted urine, resp complications tinnitus, jerking movements

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20

lithium severe toxcity

2.5+ resp issues leading to death, cure is hemodialysis

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21

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

fever, encephalopathy, vital sign instability, elevated creatine and kinase, rigidity

-discontinue meds, cooling measures, fluids

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22

relief agent for antipsychotic eps symtpoms

dephenhydramine

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23

acute dystonia

muscle rigity and spasms

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24

akathisia

severe feelings of restlessness

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25

pseudo parkinsons

slumped posture, shuffling gait, drooling, tremors

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26

tardive dyskinesia

permanent involuntary movement of face, tongue, neck, and upper and lower extremities, smack their lips, tilt head

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27

alc withdraw symtpoms and what medication to balance symtpoms

CNS excitement, like high HR BP, nausea, vomiting, increased seizure risk, hallucinations

benzos

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28

opiates withdraw symptoms and medication to balance symtpoms

muscle aches, goose flesh, GI discomfort, sweating

methadone or buprenorphine

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29

reuptake

a process in which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the synapse that secreted it

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30

neuroplasticity

brain’s ability to adapt synaptic connections, particularly in response to stress or learning or after experiencing an injury

-adaptive process can take weeks to months

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31

what does neuroplasticity help explain in relation to mental illness

how manifestations can increase over time like major depressive disorder and cannot be cured through a single dose of medication

-important to educate patients their medication will not immediately work

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32

antipsychotics (neuroleptics) use

to treat manifestations present in shizophrenia spectrum

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33

first gen

“conventional meds” that work by blocking dopamine receptors. incredibly potent and can be effective with treating severe manifestations

ex: haloperidol, loxapine, chlorpromazine

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34

2nd gen antipsychotics

unconventional/atypical; block dopamine to a lesser degree and inhibit reuptake of serotonin

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35

side effects of neuroleptics

anticholinergic, ortho hypo, photosensitivity, decrease sex drive, menstrual irregularities, and weight gain

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36

neuroleptic education

continue meds even when they feel better, importance of routine lab testing, more likely to be successful with a support person.

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37

mood stabilizers

lithium and anticonvulsants

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38

lithium

unknown why it calms people down but it regulates reuptake of MA (serotonin and dopamine) transmitters preventing manic or depressive episodes

BLOOD TESTS WEEKLY UNTIL THERAPEUTIC LEVEL REACHED (05-1.5)

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39

anticonvulsants

inhibit kindling process (cascading effect that causes seizures) which is linked with production of manic or bipolar episodes. also increases levels of GABA, causing an increase neurological effects

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40

adverse effects for lithium

diarrhea, nausea, increased thirst, fine hand tremors, weight gain

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41

sedatives/hypnotics

treats insomnia and sleep wake disorders

ex: benzos, melatonin receptor agonist, nonbenzo hypnotics

acts on gaba receptor sites (nonbenzo hypnotics)

side effects: headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea

never use prior to operating vehicles or while consuming alc or any CNS depressants

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42

stimulants

treat ADHD and narcolepsy; can become addicitive

cause release of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine and also blocks their reuptake

decrease hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentiveness

side effects: anticholingeric, heart palpatations, decreased appetite leading to weight loss

teaching: support person for decreased appetite and avoid stimulants

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