Ancient Rome- Chapter 9

What is the significance of Romulus from the Aeneid?

He was the son of Mars and he founded the city of Rome.

What was the Roman Confederation?

It gave some conquered people full Roman citizenship.

How did the Roman government divide its citizens?

They were divided into two classes: patricians and plebeians.

Where did the Romans originally make their home?

On the Italian Peninsula.

Why did the Roman Republic transition to an empire?

Farmers experienced poverty and had to shut down their farms. Roman cities became overpopulated, and people could not find jobs. Octavian became the supreme ruler of Rome.

What influence did the Etruscans have on Roman civilization?

They passed their religious rituals, laid out the streets in the city, taught Romans to build w/ brick and to roof their homes w/ tile. They influenced their fashion too.

At the end of the Second Punic War, what land became Roman territory?

Spain.

How did the conflict between the patricians and the plebeians impact the government of the Roman Republic?

After rebelling, the plebeians got their own body of representatives.

Why did the government of the Roman Republic have a system of checks and balances?

To prevent one branch from becoming too strong.

Why was civic duty important in the rise of Roman Republic?

It gave citizens responsibility to help their country.

How did Julius Ceaser help reform Rome?

He gave citizenship to many people living in Roman territories. He also created jobs for the unemployed.

Who was Rome’s first emperor?

Octavian/ Ceaser Agustus

How did Octavian come to power in Rome?

He defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the battle of Actium.

What economic changes did Agustus make to strengthen the new Roman Empire?

He changed the tax system.

How did the Roman Empire prosper because of Rome’s geographic location?

People had easy access between Rome and other countries for trade. Fertile land helped farming and agriculture.

Who was it who pushed for a representative, republican government in Rome?

Cicero.

What happened at the end of the third Punic War?

Rome finally destroyed Carthage

What do Etruscan frescoes show?

People enjoying music or dance.

What does the toe of Italy’s boot point to?

Sicily

What did Augustus use to rebuild many of Rome’s buildings to reflect its greatness?

Marble

What did Sulla hope his reforms would do?

Restore the Roman Republic to its earlier days of glory.

What happened when Rome fought for the control of Sicily?

The Punic Wars began

What was the Pax Romana or “Roman Peace”?

the time where Rome reached the height of its power.

How were the lives of Patricians and plebeians different during the Roman Republic?

Patricians were wealthy landowners from the oldest and most prominent families. They had power. Plebeians were not as wealthy and had more common jobs (Artisans, shopkeepers, and owners of small farms). They could not hold public office or lead ceremonies that honored gods or Rome.

What were some of the ways that the five “good emperors” helped Rome to become rich and prosperous?

They did not abuse their power. They spent money to build aqueducts to bring water to the city. They build roads, bridges, and harbors. All of this helped people better their lives.

What do you think was a major cause for the decline of the Roman Empire after the Pax Romana?

The Roman Empire had several bad emperors, including Caligula and Nero. These people did not care about justice and murdered many people.

What conclusions can you draw concerning these soldiers based on the illustrations?

These soldiers were well prepared. They had well-designed weapons. A lot of money went into providing for the professional army.

If you had lived in Ancient Rome, would you have been for or against Julius Ceaser declaring himself dictator for life? Defend your answer.

For Julius Ceaser because we need a leader and a dictator for life+ someone had to be the strongest.

Which emperor began the construction of the Colosseum?

Vespasian.

Under Emperor Trajan, what were the Roman European boundaries?

Britain in the northwest and Mesopotamia in the east.