Art history exam 2s2

Matthias Grünewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, from the chapel of the Hospital of Saint Anthony, Isenheim,

France, ca. 1512–1515. Oil on wood.

Albrecht Dürer, Self-Portrait, 1500. Oil on wood.

Albrecht Dürer, Melencolia I, 1514. Engraving

Lucas Cranach the Elder, Law and Gospel, ca. 1530. Woodcut print.

Hans Holbein the Younger, The French Ambassadors, 1533. Oil and tempera on wood.

Hieronymus Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights, ca. 1505–1510. Oil on wood.

Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Netherlandish Proverbs, 1559. Oil on wood. Illustrates over
100 Dutch-
language
proverbs and
idioms

Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Hunters in the Snow, 1565. Oil on wood.

New) Saint Peter’s, Vatican City, Rome.

a. b. East façade designed by Carlo Maderno, 1606-1612.

Piazza designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, 1656–1667.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini, baldacchino, Saint Peter’s, Vatican City, Rome, Italy, 1624–1633. Bronze. has Pope Urban VIII’s coat of arms
(with Barberini family bees)

Gian Lorenzo Bernini, David, from the Villa Borghese, Rome, Italy, 1623. Marble.

1. Francesco Borromini, San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome, Italy, 1638-1641.

Annibale Carracci, Loves of the Gods, ceiling frescoes in the gallery, Palazzo Farnese, Rome, Italy, 1597-

1601. Commissioned by Cardinal Odoardo Farnese.

1. Caravaggio, Calling of Saint Matthew, Contarelli chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome, ca. 1597-1601. Oil

1. Artemisia Gentileschi, Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting, ca. 1638-1639. Oil on canvas.

1. José (Jusepe) de Ribera, Martyrdom of Saint Philip, ca. 1639. Oil on canvas.

1. Diego Velázquez, Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), 1656. Oil on canvas. Commissioned by King Philip IV of Spain.

1. Peter Paul Rubens, Arrival of Marie de' Medici at Marseilles, from the Luxembourg Palace, Paris, France,
   1622-1625. Oil on canvas. Commissioned by Marie de' Medici.

1. Anthony van Dyck, Charles I at the Hunt, ca. 1635. Oil on canvas.

Clara Peeters, Still Life with Flowers, Goblet, Dried Fruit, and Pretzels, 1611. Oil on panel.

Frans Hals, Archers of Saint Hadrian, ca. 1633. Oil on canvas.

Rembrandt van Rijn, "Night Watch" (The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq), from the Musketeers Hall, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1642. Oil on canvas. Commissioned by a militia company for the Musketeers Hall of Amsterdam.

Rembrandt van Rijn, Christ with the Sick around Him (Hundred-Guilder Print), ca. 1649. Etching and engraving

Jacob van Ruisdael, View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen, ca. 1670. Oil on canvas.

Johannes Vermeer, Woman Holding a Balance, ca. 1664. Oil on canvas.

Jules Hardouin-Mansart, Charles Le Brun, and André le Nôtre, palace and gardens, Versailles, France, begun 1669. Commissioned by King Louis XIV of France.

Antoine Watteau, Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717. Oil on canvas.

fete galante. Watteau’s reception piece to gain membership to the Royal Academy

Salon de la Princesse, Hôtel de Soubise, Paris, France, 1737-1740.

Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Swing, 1766. Oil on canvas.

Joseph Wright of Derby, A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on an Orrery, ca. 1763-1765. Oil on canvas.

Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Village Bride, 1761. Oil on canvas.

Antonio Canaletto, Riva degli Schiavoni, Venice, ca. 1735-1740. Oil on canvas.

Henry Flitcroft and Henry Hoare, the park at Stourhead, England, 1743-1765.

Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii, 1784. Oil on canvas.

Jacques-Louis David, Death of Marat, 1793. Oil on canvas.

Enlightenment philosophers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Denis Diderot, and Voltaire objected to Rococo art because:

They considered it immoral, artificial, and frivolous

After the death of King Louis XIV of France in 1715, a new style of art and design quickly spread from Paris to other European centers; this style is characterized by delicacy, elegance, and sensuality.

What is this style called?

rococo

Antoine Watteau's Pilgrimage to Cythera helped popularize a new genre of painting focused on portraying elegant, amorous aristocratic figures enjoying themselves outdoors. This category of painting is called:

Fete galante

What is the term for the use of extreme contrast of light and shadow to create a dramatic, spotlight effect in a painting?

tenebrism

The Baroque period sees the proliferation of illusionistically painted ceilings, often in ____

format, i.e.

presenting the illusion of a framed easel painting hung overhead.

Quadro riportato

In response to the challenges of the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church's views on art in the seventeenth century (1600s) can best be summarized as:

Art should convey a clear, persuasive message and should reinforce the Catholic Church's authority

Copies of Lucas Cranach the Elder's painting, Law and Gospel, were widely disseminated as prints in the early 16th century. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about this image?

Law and Gospel promoted Lutheran (Protestant) ideology about salvation through faith in Christ

Albrecht Dürer's self portrait from 1500 likely suggests what general message?

Artists like Dürer are endowed with the god-like ability to create

The imagery on the Isenheim Altarpiece, painted by Matthias Grünewald, relates to its original viewing context. Where was it originally located?

In a church connected to a monastic hospital that treated people suffering from ergotism

Predella

A horizontally oriented, painted panel or panels forming the
lowest element of an altarpiece.

Intaglio printmaking techniques

those in which the image is incised into a metal plate, and the incised lines hold the ink

Protestant
Reformation

a theological movement that challenged the religious and political authority of the Catholic Church. Redemption by faith alone, with guidance of holy scripture. Martin Luther.

Anamorphosis

A distorted image that appears
normal when seen from a particular viewpoint or
with a mirror or lens.

Baldacchino

Canopy over an altar, tomb, or throne

trompe l’oeil

illusion of the heavens opening up, above our heads

Spanish Netherlands

Predominantly Catholic in the 17th century

Dutch Republic

Predominantly Protestant in the 17th century

Fleur-de-lis

stylized flower used in coats of arms

Genre painting

painting that
realistically depicts aspects of
everyday life, such as
domestic interiors, tavern
scenes, and street scenes

Vanitas

An allegorical work in which the themes are

the transitory nature of earthly pleasure and the inevitability of death and

judgment

Memento mori

Symbolic reference to mortality, reminder of death

Etching

A printmaking process in
which an etching needle is used to
draw into a wax-resist ground
applied over a metal plate

Engraving

A print made by incising
an image into a smooth copper plate
with a sharp tool called a burin

Louis XI

sun king of france

The Enlightenment

18th -century intellectual and cultural movement. Believed that advancement of science and rational
improvement of society would be the salvation of
humanity. no divine power to king

Industrial Revolution

1740-1850

Rousseau

He promoted idealized representations of peasant life—seen as more “natural,” innocent, governed by honest emotion rather than reason

Neoclassicism

style of art and architecture that emerged in the mid-18th century; adopted themes and styles from ancient Greece and Rome