Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards related to vaccine-preventable diseases based on lecture notes.

DTaP Vaccine

Combined vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, given in multiple doses during infancy and childhood.

Tdap Vaccine

Booster vaccine protecting against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, recommended at age 11 and during each pregnancy.

MMR Vaccine

Live, attenuated vaccine protecting against measles, mumps, and rubella, typically given in two doses for long-term immunity.

Measles (Rubeola)

Systemic viral infection caused by paramyxovirus, preventable by the MMR vaccine.

Rubella (German Measles)

Mild infection caused by Togavirus, dangerous for pregnant women due to risk of congenital rubella syndrome.

Mumps

Infection of salivary glands caused by Paromyxovirus; can cause inflammation of testes/ovaries in adolescents/adults.

Diphtheria

Infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, characterized by exotoxins that can cause localized cell death and systemic damage; preventable by toxoid vaccine.

Pertussis

“Whooping cough” caused by Bordetella pertussis; most dangerous to children <5; preventable by acellular vaccine.

Tetanus

Infection caused by Clostridium tetani, characterized by tetanospasmin exotoxin; preventable by toxoid vaccine.

Poliomyelitis

Disease caused by Poliovirus, transmitted via fecal-to-oral route; can lead to muscle weakness or paralysis; preventable by IPV or OPV vaccines.

Salk Vaccine (IPV)

Injected Polio Vaccine; killed virus vaccine requiring revaccination; currently preferred in U.S.

Sabin Vaccine (OPV)

Oral Polio Vaccine; live, attenuated virus vaccine providing strong, lifelong immunity; preferred in countries where polio is still endemic.

Hepatitis A

Food or water borne illness caused by Picornavirus; preventable by inactivated vaccine given in two doses.

Hepatitis B

Infection transmitted via blood/bodily fluids caused by Hepadnavirus; preventable by subunit vaccine – 3 doses for infants or 2 doses for adults.

Hepatitis C

Infection transmitted via blood/bodily fluids caused by Flavivirus; no vaccine available but treatable with drugs.

Bacterial Meningitis

Rapidly progressing bacterial infection of the meninges requiring prompt antibiotic treatment.

Meningococcal Meningitis

Meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis; preventable by conjugate vaccine.

Hib Meningitis

Meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B; preventable by conjugate vaccine.

Pneumococcal Meningitis

Meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae; preventable by conjugate vaccine.

Chickenpox

Generally mild childhood illness caused by Varicella-Zoster Virus; preventable by live virus vaccine.

Shingles

Reactivation of Varicella-Zoster Virus; preventable by recombinant vaccine.