Film Editing Techniques and Narrative Structure in Cinema

Continuity Editing

A system of editing that maintains a clear, logical, and smooth flow of narrative action, time, and space.

Establishing Shot

Usually a wide or long shot at the start of a scene that shows the location, setting, and spatial relationships between characters and objects.

Master Shot

A single shot that captures the entire action of a scene from start to finish, often in a wide framing.

Match on Action

An editing technique where a cut is made in the middle of a continuous movement, so the action flows smoothly from one shot to the next.

Cut-in

A close-up inserted into a master shot to highlight a detail, object, or character's reaction.

Shot/Reverse Shot

A common editing pattern used in dialogue scenes: one character is shown looking at another (often off-screen), then the other is shown looking back.

180-Degree Rule

A guideline stating that the camera should stay on one side of an imaginary line (axis of action) between characters to maintain consistent screen direction.

Eyeline Match

A cut that follows a character's gaze to show what they are looking at, maintaining spatial coherence.

Montage

A series of shots edited together to condense time, space, or ideas, often to suggest passage of time, complex emotions, or thematic connections.

Long Take

A single, uninterrupted shot of long duration, used to create real-time tension, immersion, or stylistic realism.

Parallel Montage / Cross-Cutting

Cutting between two or more separate events happening simultaneously in different locations, often to build suspense or draw thematic parallels.

Jump Cut

An abrupt, discontinuous cut within the same shot or between shots that breaks continuity, often used to show time passing or create disorientation.

Act I, II, III

The three-part structure of a narrative: Act I: Setup (introduction), Act II: Confrontation (development), Act III: Resolution (conclusion).

Inciting Incident

The event that sets the main plot in motion, disrupting the protagonist's ordinary world and creating the central conflict.

Midpoint

A major turning point in the middle of Act II that raises the stakes, changes the direction of the story, or reveals important information.

Climax

The highest point of tension in the story, where the main conflict reaches its peak and the protagonist faces the ultimate challenge.

Dénouement / Falling Action

The wrap-up after the climax, where loose ends are tied up, and the story moves toward its final resolution.