BIOL 1306 Final Exam Study Guide

hydrogen bond

Which of the following explains most specifically the attraction of water molecules to one another?

159.69 = (315.9994)+(255.845)

What is the molecular mass of Fe2O3?

-CH3

Which of the following is a methyl group?

They are both polymers of glucose.

Which of the following statements is true of both starch and cellulose?

Robert Hooke

Who eajned the term "cell" for study ing microscopic organisms?

requires nerve cells to release neurotransmitter into the synapse

Synaptic signaling ...

ATP and NADPH

What are the products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin Cycle?

Meiosis II

Similar to mitosis but starts with half the chromosomes
Interkinesis
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Cytokinesis

Mothers and their influence to quick nap for 2 to 3 hours each afternoon

In her studies of chimpanzee behavior, Jane Goodall collected both qualitative and quantitative data. which of the following is an example of quantitative data?

Fish swim in a zigzag motion

An example of qualitative data

The plant height is 25 cm.
The contents of the stomach or mix every 20 seconds.
The six pairs of robins hatched an average of three checks.
The temperature decreased from 20°C to 15°C.

Examples of quantitative data

All organisms have the ability to maintain a constant internal temperature.

Which of the following is NOT a property that characterize his life

All organisms have the ability to take in energy and use it.
All organisms have the ability to respond to stimuli from the environment.
All organisms have a complex organization.
All organisms lessons have the ability to reproduce.

Properties that characterizes the life

4

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell

8

How many electrons does it take to complete a valence shell of an element

Insects fly around a bright lamp at night

Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that

Cation

An atom that has lost an electron is called...
(Becomes more positive) (positive ion)

It must lead to testable predictions

Which of the following is a requirement for a good scientific hypothesis?

Hundreds of cultures of a unicellular alga are incubated in the presence of light, and in all of the samples the cells congregate on the side of the culture toward the light. Therefore, the alga is phototactic (attracted to light).

Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning?

Cell Theory

The idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells defines the..

phosphorylation.

The transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule or compound is called...

exergonic; endergonic

Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as ___ is to ___

binds substrates for the enzyme.

The active site of an enzyme is the region that ...

Fossil fuels

Photosynthesis is not responsibile for ...

as cells become more numerous, the cell surface proteins of adjacnet cells bind to each other and send signals that inhibit cell division

Density-dependent inhibition is explained by which of the following statements?

Binary fission-

the organism splits directly into two equal-sized offspring, each with a copy of the original DNA

Homologous chromosomes-

a pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining patterns with genes from the same characters at corresponding loci

Interphase I

Essentially the same as mitosis
G1- growth
S- DNA replication
G2- copy of centrosomes

When crossing an organism that is homozygous recessive for a single trait with a heterozygote, what is the chance of producing an offspring with the homozygous recessive phenotype?

50%

polar covalent bond

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen by...

Anion

An atom that has gained an electron is called...
(Becomes more negative) (negative ion)

can be used in conjunction with PET scans to diagnose diseases

radioactive isotopes...

A control group provide a reference by which to determine if a particular outcome may reasonably result from a variable being tested

Why is it important that an experiment include a control group?

Each element has a unique number of protons

Which of the following is a key characteristic that is ultimately responsible for unique chemical properties of each element?

Are mirror images of one another

Ibuprofen as a drug come in they used to relieve inflammation and pain. It is a mixture of two enantiomers, which are molecules that

The Nitrogen atom has a mass number 15 and atomic number of 7

The nucleus of a nitrogen atom contains eight neurons and seven protons which of the following statements are correct concerning nitrogen?

A hypothesis

The process of science involves testing which of the following?

Adhesion

(An attraction between molecules of different substances)
The tendency of the similar molecules to clean together and may result in capillary action is an example of...

Ionic

What is the type of bond were one or more electrons are transferred from one to another...

Heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment

Charles Darwin proposed that "descent with modification" resulted when organisms of a particular species become adapted to their environment because they possess which of the following characteristics?

Iodine

Trace elements are required by organisms in only minute quantities (less than 0.01% of mass). Which of the following trace elements that is required in by humans and other vertebrates?

They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them

Which of the following statements about buffers solutions are true?

False

T/F: Evolution is the genetic change in an individual species overtime.

Isomers

In chemistry, ______ molecules with the same molecular formula but different chemical structure. That is they contain the same number of atoms of each element that have different arrangement of their items in space.

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms; ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms.

What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?

Robust and critical discussion between diverse groups improves scientific thinking.

Why is it important that scientific discoveries and ideas be discussed by people with various points of view, from a variety of subdisciplines, and with diverse cultural backgrounds?

The biosphere

All the living things on Earth along with all the places where life exists are collectively described by which of the following terms?

biosphere -> ecosystems -> communities -> populations -> organisms

Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization from large scale to smaller scale?

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

Which four of the 92 naturally occurring elements make up approximately 96% of the mass of the human body?

8

The atomic number of nitrogen is 7, Nitrogen-15 is heavier than nitrogen-14 because the atomic nucleus of nitrogen-15 contains how many neutrons?

the chemical versatility of carbon atoms

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to ..

2

What is the maximum number of electrons in a single orbital of an atom?

hydrogen ion concentration

pH is the measure of...

2

Using the figure to the right, how many electrons are in the K shell?

Some carbon atoms in nature have more neutrons.

Carbon-12 is the most common isotope of carbon and has a mass number of 12 However, the atomic mass of carbon is slightly more than 12 daltons. Why?

an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce

Which of the following statements describes an individual that is likely to be the most successful in an evolutionary sense?

Fluoride

Which of the following trace elements may be added to bottled water in an effort to prevent tooth decay?

Van der Waals

The toepads of Geckos exhibit what type of chemical bond? (Hint: this attraction is seen in DNA as well).

a community

All the organisms that can be found on the UT Tyler campus make up...

Mutualism

A symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit is termed

archaea

Which of the following types of cells lack(s) a nucleus?

reductionism

Investigating the molecular structure of DNA in order to understand the chemical basis of inheritance is an example of which approach utilized in the study of biology?

Bacteria and Archaea

Living things are divided into three different domains. Which of these domains are classified as prokaryotes?

Electronegativity

When electrons are shared unequally in a covalent bond, regions of the molecule will have a partial electric charge. This characteristic is called

proton

The subatomic particle of an atom that has a positive charge is a(n)..

electron

The subatomic particle of an atom that has a negative charge is a(n)..

neutron

The subatomic particle of an atom that has no charge is a(n)..

Hydrogen

What type of chemical bond is shown in this figure?

3'-TTGCGAATC-5'

If one strand of DNA molecule has the sequence of hases 5'-AACGCTTAG-3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence.

Nucleic Acids

For which of the following is the primary function to copy DNA and pass genetic information on to new cells and to new generations?

Phospholipids and proteins

Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?

Glycosidic linkages

The covalent bond between two monosaccharides is called a(n)..

peptide bond

The covalent bond betwen monomers of protein is called a(n).

DNA...nucleotides

Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer?

DNA duplexes will unwind and separate, and proteins will unfold (denture)

How will brief heating (to 95 C) affect macromolecular structures in aqueous solution?

dehydration

The process where water is removed to build longer chains of monomers is called...

Primary structure

The structure in the image is characterisitic of what level of protein structure?

Phosphate

Using the image, what is the type of functional group that is circled?

-OH

Which functional group shown below is characterisitic of alcohols?

The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages

Why are hy drocarbons insoluble in water?

carboxyl and amino

Which two functional groups are always found in an amino acid?

Hydrogen bonds

Which type of interaction stabilizes the a helix and the B pleated sheet structures of proteins?

Plasmodesmata... gap junctions

Intercellular junctions help to connect adjacent cells and unify them so they form one living continuum. Plants have ______ while animals have_____?

Active transport

The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient with the help of energy input is which of the following

Enzymes

Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions are called (hint: they reduce the activation energy of a reaction)...

Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false?

X-ray crystallography

A technique used to visualize the 3-D structure of many proteins is known as..

helps to stabilize the cell membrane at body temperature.

The cholesterol associated with animal cell membranes....

Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated.

Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is false?

isolate organelles to exmine their biological functions

Biologists commonly use cell fractionation to ...

Passive transport

Which of the following processes includes all the others?

An endoplasmic reticulum

All of the follow ing are part of a typical prokary otic cell except..

All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity?

Cytoskeleton

Long thin fibers that function to provide cell shape, cell support and cell movements are part of the ...

are plant cells.

You are told that the cells microscope slide are plant, animal or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells..

allows different metabolic processes to occur simultaneously

The membranous compartmentalization of a cell.

Microtubule : Muscle Contraction

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?
A) Nucleolus : Production of ribosomal subunits
B. Lysosomes : Intracellular digestion
C. Ribosomes : Protein Synthesis
D. Golgi apparatus : Protein Trafficking
E. Microtubule : Muscle Contraction

volume increases faster than the surface area.

As cell size increases, the...

Hypertonic to freshwater but hypotonic to the salt solution.

Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a 0.15 M salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the cells of the celery stalks are..

a light microscope, because it allows observations, whole live cells

A scientist wants to examine living cells lining the respiratory tract to determine how the cells use tiny hairs to move dirt and mucus away from the lungs. Which of the following instruments would be best, and why?