reversed definitions ch17

confabulation

name for the tendency of Korsakoff's patients to fill in the missing gaps in memory with falsifications

classical conditioning

name for "Pavlovian" conditioning, in which an initially neutral stimulus comes to predict an event

intermediate-term memory

Collective name for memories that last longer than short-term memories, but which are nonetheless impermanent

anterograde amnesia

loss of memory for events subsequent to an event or injury

semantic memory

form of memory that is specialized for "general" knowledge, such as words and facts

short-term memory

memory that lasts a few seconds to a few minutes

place cells

specialized hippocampal neurons that alter their rate of firing when the animal is in or moving toward a particular location

memory consolidation

process of converting memories from short-term to long-term storage

long-term memory

name for memory that lasts months or years

retrograde amnesia

name for a loss of memory for events that preceded an accident or injury

skill learning

Specific name for the type of learning that involves the acquisition of a new ability through repeated exposure

cognitive map

hypothesized mechanism by which rats solve mazes by learning a conceptual layout of the maze (i.e., they know which part of the maze contains the reward independently of the number and type of turns required to get there)

declarative memory

collective name for the types of memories that can be consciously summoned up and expressed

episodic memory

class of declarative memories that are autobiographical in nature and often involve an emotional component (i.e., memory for things that happened to you)

nondeclarative memory

general collective name for the types of memory that are evident in the performance of tasks but that cannot be consciously called up and expressed

priming

general name for experimental setups in which the processing of a stimulus is altered by previous exposure to that stimulus or stimuli that are similar

memory retrieval

General name for the process of retrieving information from memory

Korsakoff's syndrome

disorder due to thiamine deficiency in which damage in the diencephalon and other areas causes memory problems

operant conditioning

form of conditioning in which the association of a reward with a behavior alters the probability that the behavior will be produced again in the future ("Skinnerian conditioning")