Purple Book- Career Development

Lifestyle and career development have been emphasized:

a. only since the late 1950’s
b. only since the late 1960’s
c. only since nondirective counseling became popular
d. since the beginning of the counseling and guidance movement and are still major areas of concern

D. since the beginning of the counseling and guidance movement and are still major areas of concern

One trend is that women are moving into more careers that in the past were populated by males. Women workers are often impacted by the “glass ceiling phenomenon”. Assuming that a counselor’s behavior is influenced by the phenomenon, which statement would a male counselor make when conducting a career counseling session with a female client who wants to advance to a higher position?

a. “your ability to advance in the corporate world is generally based on your mother’s attitude towards work. Can you tell me a little about that?”
b. “actually, women can advance quite rapidly in the corporate world. I support you 100%. I’d say you should be optimistic and go for the position.”
c. “let’s be rational: a woman can only advance so far. You really have very little if any chance of becoming a corporate executive. I’m here to help you cope with this reality”
d. “in most cases a female will work in the same position as her father. Did your dad ever work as a corporate executive?”

C.' “lets be rational….”

The glass ceiling phenomenon suggests that women are limited in terms of how far they can advance in the world of work

Most research in the area of career development and its relationship to students indicates that:

a. a very high proportion of students in high school and at the end of junior high/middle school level wanted guidance in planning a career. Career interests are more stable after college
b. students did not want career guidance despite its importance
c. many student were too inflexible to benefit from career guidance
d. high school students wanted career guidance but junior high/middle school level students did not

A. a very high proportion of students in high school and at the end of junior high/middle school wanted guidance in planning a career

A dual-career family (or dual-worker couple) is once in which both partners have jobs to which they are committed on a somewhat continuous basis. Which statement is true of dual-career families?

a. surprisingly enough, dual-career families have lower incomes than families in which only one partner works
b. dual-career families have higher incomes than the so-called traditional family in which only one partner is working
c. dual-career families have incomes which are almost identical to families with one partner working
d. surprisingly enough, no research has been conducted on dual-career families

B. Dual-career families have higher incomes

In the dual-career family, partners seem to be more self sufficient than in the traditional family. In a dual-career household the woman

a. generally has children before entering the workforce
b. rarely if ever has children
c. is not self-reliant
d. is typically secure in her career before she has children

D. is typically secure in her career before she has children

Studies indicate that:

a. students receive ample vocational guidance
b. most parents can provide appropriate vocational guidance
c. students want more vocational guidance than they receive
d. career days meet the vocational guidance needs of most students

C. Students want more vocational guidance than they receive

Statistics reveal that:

a. on average, a worker with a bachelor’s degree earns over $10,000 a year more than a worker with a high school diploma
b. fewer workers possess a high school diploma than ever before
c. blue-collar jobs are growing faster than white-collar jobs
d. older workers are slower than younger workers and have fewer skills

A. on average, a worker with a bachelor’s degree earns over $10,000 a year more than a worker with a high school diploma

When professional career counselors use the term “leisure” they technically mean:

a. the client is having fun at work or away from work
b. the client is relaxing at work or away from work
c. the client is working at less than 100% capacity at work or away from work
d. the time the client has away from work, which is not being utilized for obligations

D. The time the client has away from work which is not being utilized by obligations

In terms of leisure time and dual-career families/couples

a. dual-career families/couples have more leisure time
b. dual-career families/couples have the same amount of leisure time as families/couples with one wage earner
c. dual-career families/couples have less leisure time
d. dual-career families/couples have more weekend leisure time

C. have less leisure time

A client who says “I feel I cannot really become an administrator in our agency because I am a woman” is showing an example of:

a. gender-bias
b. counselor bias
c. the trait-and-factor theory
d. developmental theory and career choice

A. Gender bias

One major category of career theory is known as the trait-factor (or trait-and-factor) approach. It has been dubbed the actuarial or matching approach, this approach:

a. attempts to match conscious and unconscious work motives
b. attempts to match the worker and the work environment (job factors). The approach this makes the assumption that there is one best or single career for a person
c. attempts to match career behavior with attitudes
d. attempts to match cognition with the workload

B. makes the assumption that there is one best or single career for a person based on matching the worker to the work environment

The trait-and-factor career counseling, actuarial, or matching approach (which matches a client to a job) is associated with:

a. Parsons and Williamson
b. Roe and Brill
c. Holland and Super
d. Tiedeman and O’Hara

A. Parsons and Williamson

The trait-and-factor or actuarial approach asserts that:

a. job selection is a long-term development process
b. testing is an important part of the counseling process
c. a counselor can match the correct person with the appropriate job
d. Both a and b

D. Both a and b

In 1909 a landmark book entitled Choosing a Vocation was released. The book was written by Frank Parsons, Parsons has been called:

a. the father of lifestyle
b. the father of modern counseling
c. the father of vocational guidance
d. the fourth force in counseling

C. the father of vocational counseling

Which statement is not true of the trait-and-factor approach to career counseling?

a. the approach attempts to match the person’s traits with the requirements of a job
b. the approach usually relies on psychometric information
c. the approach is developmental and thus focuses on career maturity
d. the approach is associated with the work of Parsons and Williamson

C. the approach is development and thus focuses on career maturity

Edmund Griffith Williamson’s work (or the Minnesota Viewpoint) purports to be a scientific and didactic, utilizing test data from instruments such as the:

a. Rorschach and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
b. Binet and the Wechsler
c. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Minneapolis Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
d. Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales

D. Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales

The trait-and-factor approach fails to take ______ into account

a. individual change throughout the lifespan
b. relevant psychometric data
c. personality
d. job requirements

A. individual changes throughout the lifespan

Anne Roe suggested a personality approach to career choice

a. based on cognitive-behavioral theory
b. based on a model of strict operant conditioning
c. based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need
d. based on the works of Pavlov

C. based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need

Roe was the first career specialist to utilize a two-dimensional system of occupational classification using:

a. unconscious and preconscious
b. fields and levels
c. yin and yang
d. transactional analysis nomenclature

B. Fields and levels

All of the following are examples of Anne Roe’s “fields” except:

a. service
b. science
c. arts and entertainment
d. unskilled

D. Unskilled

This refers to the levels in Roe’s system

All of the following are examples of Anne Roe’s “levels” except:

a. outdoor
b. semi-skilled
c. semiprofessional/small business
d. professional and managerial

A. outdoor

Roe spoke of three basic parenting styles: overprotective, avoidant, or acceptant. The result is that the child

a. experiences neurosis or psychosis
b. will eventually have a lot of jobs or lack of employment
c. will develop a personality which gravitates toward people or away from people
d. will suffer from depression in the work setting or will be highly motivated to succeed

C. will develop a personality which gravitates towards people or away from people

Roe’s theory relies on Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the sense that in terms of career choice

a. lower-order needs take precedence over higher-order needs
b. self-actualization needs take precedence over lower-order needs
c. all needs are given equal consideration
d. the need for self-actualization would overpower a physical need

A. Lower-order needs take precedence 

Some support for Roe’s theory comes from

a. the BDI
b. the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV)
c. the Rorschach and the TAT
d. the Gestalt therapy movement

C. the Rorschach and TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

In terms of genetics, Roe’s theory would assert that

a. genetics play a very minor role in career choice
b. genetics help to determine intelligence and education, and hence this influences one’s career choice
c. genetics are important while upbringing is not
d. genetics are important while the unconscious is not

B. genetics help determine intelligence and education

AND parent-child interaction, unconscious motivators, current needs, and interests (people/things)

According to Anne Roe, who categorized occupations by fields and levels

a. the decision to pursue a career is purely a conscious decision
b. using the Strong is the best method of explaining career choice
c. early childhood experiences are irrelevant in terms of career choice
d. the choice of a career helps to satisfy an individual’s needs

D. the choice of a career helps to satisfy an individual’s needs

A 37-year-old white male states during a counseling session that he is working as a clerk at Main Street Plumbing. This verbalization depicts the client’s

a. career
b. lifestyle
c. job or position
d. occupation

C. job or position

Roe recognized the role of the unconscious mind in terms of career choice. Another theorist who emphasized the unconscious processes in this area of study was

a. Krumboltz
b. Schein
c. Super
d. Bordin

D. Bordin

Edwin Bordin felt that difficulties related to job choice

a. are indicative of neurotic symptoms
b. are indicative of inappropriate reinforcers in the environment
c. are related to a lack of present moment awareness
d. are the result of irrational questions

A. are indicative of neurotic symptoms