Human Development: Chapter 17

1. Which of the following were considered to be clear signs of death 25 years ago?

A. A flat EEG (electroencephalogram) reading for a specified period of time

B. The end of certain biological functions

C. The end of electrical activity in the brain

D. The lack of response to sensory stimuli

B. The end of certain biological functions

2. A flat EEG (electroencephalogram) recording for a specified period of time is one criterion of:

A. rigor mortis.

B. euthanasia.

C. brain death.

D. paralysis.

C. brain death.

3. Which of the following was considered to be a clear sign of death in the past?

A. A flat EEG

B. Moderate brain stem function

C. Lack of higher cortical brain function

D. Rigor mortis

D. Rigor mortis

4. A recent study found that advance care planning was associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Increase in the number of medical procedures performed

B. Decrease in life-sustaining treatment

C. Increase in hospice use

D. Decrease in hospital use

A. Increase in the number of medical

5. A recent study found that advance care planning was associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Decreased quality of care at the end of life

B. Decrease in life-sustaining treatment

C. Increase in hospice use

D. Decrease in hospital use

A. Decreased quality of care at the end of life

6. In general, research suggests that physicians have a(n) ______ attitude toward advance directives.

A. positive

B. negative

C. neutral

D. impartial

A. positive

7. The Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) is a more advanced and specific form of:

A. a durable power of attorney.

B. an advance directive.

C. a death certificate.

D. euthanasia.

B. an advance directive.

8. Brain death occurs when:

A. all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.

B. a person remains unconscious for a specified period of time.

C. the lower regions of the brain stop functioning.

D. the body loses the ability to breathe on its own.

A. all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.

9. The _____ portions of the brain often die sooner than the _____ portions.

A. lower; higher

B. lower; middle

C. higher; lower

D. middle; lower

C. higher; lower

10. If the cortical death definition were adopted, then physicians could claim a person is dead when his or her _____ is no longer functioning.

A. lower brain

B. middle brain

C. higher brain

D. entire brain

C. higher brain

11. Which of the following organizations created a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning?

A. Death Wish Commune

B. Choice in Dying

C. Euthanasia Undertaking

D. Death Drive Pact

B. Choice in Dying

12. _____ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning.

A. Last request

B. Dying will

C. Living will

D. Easy death order

C. Living will

13. A(n) _____ states such preferences as whether life-sustaining procedures should or should not be used to prolong the life of an individual when death is imminent.

A. advance directive

B. choice in dying

C. oral will

D. representation agreement

A. advance directive

14. An advanced directive/living will must be signed when:

A. at least two medical professionals are present.

B. a doctor and a lawyer are present.

C. an individual is told he or she has a life-threatening condition.

D. an individual is able to think clearly.

D. an individual is able to think clearly.

15. Which of the following statements about a living will is FALSE?

A. It is a legally binding document.

B. Only the terminally ill can write one.

C. The individual must be in a clear state of mind when writing it.

D. The document contains the individual's wishes regarding medical treatment.

B. Only the terminally ill can write one.

16. A recent study of end-of-life planning revealed that _____ of patients 18 years of age and older had a living will.

A. over two-thirds

B. 15 percent

C. just one-third

D. 40 percent

B. 15 percent

17. Which of the following is the BEST description of the term "euthanasia"?

A. Easy death

B. Death wish

C. Voluntary death

D. Painless death

A. Easy death

18. Angelique is in the terminal stages of cancer. She feels that the pain has now become unbearable, so she requests her doctor to end her life painlessly through medication. Which of the following acts is Angelique requesting her doctor to perform?

A. Aphasia

B. Anesthesia

C. Euthanasia

D. Dysthanasia

C. Euthanasia

19. Sometimes euthanasia is called:

A. "honor killing."

B. "mercy killing."

C. "quick death."

D. "violent death."

B. “mercy killing.”

20. Turning off a respirator or a heart-lung machine is an example of _____ euthanasia.

A. active

B. deliberate

C. passive

D. sustained

C. passive

21. Basilio sustained severe and irreversible brain damage due to an accidental overdose of insulin. His wife and his children decided to remove the life-support system, and Basilio subsequently died. This is an example of:

A. active euthanasia.

B. passive euthanasia.

C. natural euthanasia.

D. culturally acceptable euthanasia.

B. passive euthanasia.

22. Damon has been terminally ill with multiple fractures to his skull. He has been in a vegetative state for over three years. Finally, his family agrees to end his suffering by removing him from the life-support system. This is an example of:

A. passive euthanasia.

B. active euthanasia.

C. natural euthanasia.

D. acceptable euthanasia.

A. passive euthanasia.

23. Which of the following is an example of active euthanasia?

A. Injecting a lethal dose of a drug

B. Turning off a respirator

C. Removing a heart-lung machine

D. Stopping antibiotics

A. Injecting a lethal dose of a drug

24. Terry is in the final stages of lupus, a condition which causes her severe pain and discomfort. At Terry's insistence, her caregiver takes the decision to end her pain by administering a lethal dose of a drug. This is an example of _____ euthanasia.

A. passive

B. universally legal

C. natural

D. active

D. active

25. As of 2013, which European country had NOT legalized assisted suicide?

A. Switzerland

B. The Netherlands

C. Belgium

D. Germany

D. Germany

26. A recent study of Canadians revealed that the majority were:

A. in favor of legalizing assisted suicide.

B. against the legalization of assisted suicide.

C. glad that Canada finally legalized assisted suicide.

D. not concerned with assisted suicide.

A. in favor of legalizing assisted suicide.

27. Which age group is MOST likely to die through assisted suicide?

A. Ages 25-40

B. Ages 40-55

C. Ages 60-75

D. Ages 80-95

C. Ages 60-75

28. A recent study found that _____ percent of mid-to large-size hospitals have a palliative care team.

A. 45

B. 55

C. 75

D. 85

D. 85

29. Which of the following is NOT part of palliative care?

A. Trying to cure the patient of an illness

B. Helping families cope with death

C. Making the patient comfortable

D. Showing interest in the person and family

A. Trying to cure the patient of an illness

0. What do studies say of the American attitude toward euthanasia after the Terri Schiavo incident?

A. Family members are more accepting of passive euthanasia.

B. The general population favors active euthanasia.

C. Family members want an escalation of treatment.

D. The general population favors a mandatory euthanasia for the terminally ill.

C. Family members want an escalation of treatment.

31. In which of the following states is active euthanasia NOT considered a crime?

A. Nevada

B. Texas

C. Washington

D. New York

C. Washington

32. Active euthanasia is legal in the state of:

A. California.

B. Florida.

C. New York.

D. Oregon.

D. Oregon.

33. In 1994, the state of _____ passed the Death With Dignity Act, which allows active euthanasia.

A. Florida

B. Oregon

C. Washington

D. New York

B. Oregon

34. Active euthanasia is legal in:

A. the Netherlands and Uruguay.

B. Africa and India.

C. Canada and Sweden.

D. China and Japan.

A. the Netherlands and Uruguay.

35. A "good death" involves all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Acceptance

B. Support from loved ones

C. Not feeling like a burden to others

D. Appropriate medical care

C. Not feeling like a burden to others

36. _____ is a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible.

A. Asylum

B. Hospital stay

C. Hospice

D. Compassionate care

C. Hospice

37. The type of care that is designed to reduce pain and suffering and help individuals die with dignity is known as:

A. curative care.

B. palliative care.

C. terminal care.

D. compassionate care.

B. palliative care.

38. Which of the following statements about hospice care is TRUE?

A. Hospice care emphasizes the need to limit the administration of painkillers to terminally ill patients.

B. Hospice care mainly emphasizes efforts to cure an illness.

C. Hospice care focuses on efforts to prolong life.

D. Hospice care emphasizes palliative care.

D. Hospice care emphasizes palliative care.

39. Hospices are a relatively recent approach developed to:

A. cure illness and prolong life at all costs.

B. make the end of life as free from pain and anxiety as possible.

C. provide a place where people with no living relatives can die.

D. lower the cost of medical care by competing with hospitals.

B. make the end of life as free from pain and anxiety as possible.

40. Today, death occurs most often among:

A. older adults.

B. adolescents.

C. infants.

D. middle-aged adults.

A. older adults.

41. In the United States today, more than 80 percent of all deaths occur:

A. due to motor vehicle accidents.

B. due to infectious diseases.

C. at home.

D. in institutions or hospitals.

D. in institutions or hospitals.

42. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the death scenario in the U.S. today?

A. More than 80 percent of all deaths occur in institutions or hospitals.

B. The care of a dying older person has shifted away from the family.

C. Today, death occurs most often among adolescents.

D. Nowadays, more older adults die apart from their families.

C. Today, death occurs most often among adolescents.

43. In 1900, most people died:

A. in a hospital, cared for by medical staff.

B. in a nursing home.

C. at home, cared for by their family.

D. at a hospice.

C. at home, cared for by their family.

44. Which of the following statement about the care of a dying older person in the U.S. today is TRUE?

A. The care of a dying older person has shifted to the family members.

B. The care of a dying older person has shifted away from the family.

C. The exposure to death and its painful surroundings has increased.

D. Most dying people are cared for by distant relatives.

B. The care of a dying older person has shifted away from the family.

45. A Canadian study found that the overwhelming majority of individuals facing death wanted to be:

A. at home.

B. in a hospice/palliative care facility.

C. in a hospital.

D. in a nursing home.

A. at home.

46. Norman is facing imminent death. If he can choose, he will likely want to die:

A. at home.

B. in a hospice/palliative care facility.

C. in a hospital.

D. in a nursing home

A. at home.

47. Emilio is facing imminent death. Given a choice, the LEAST desirable place he would choose to die is:

A. at home.

B. in a hospice/palliative care facility.

C. in a hospital.

D. in a nursing home.

D. in a nursing home.

48. Which of the following religions believes in reincarnation?

A. Orthodox Judaism

B. Methodism

C. Buddhism

D. Roman Catholicism

C. Buddhism

49. In the Gond culture of India, death is believed to be caused by:

A. natural forces.

B. an angry supreme being.

C. the ill will of others in the community.

D. magic and demons.

D. magic and demons.

50. Which of the following is TRUE of the American attitude toward death?

A. Americans consider death of the biological body as the end of existence.

B. Americans do not believe in a spiritual body that lives on after death.

C. Belief in reincarnation is a defining aspect of the American belief about death.

D. Americans are generally death avoiders and death deniers.

D. Americans are generally death avoiders and death deniers.

51. According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the first stage of dying?

A. Denial and isolation

B. Bargaining

C. Acceptance

D. Depression

A. Denial and isolation

52. "No, it can't be me. It's not possible," thinks Clara, when she hears the news of her terminal illness. Which of Kübler-Ross' stages of dying is Clara currently in?

A. Acceptance

B. Bargaining

C. Denial and isolation

D. Depressionf

C. Denial and isolation

53. Myette has just been told that she has breast cancer and that her tests show that the cancer has spread to her liver. Myette says, "I feel great. The lab obviously has my test results mixed up with someone else." According to Kübler-Ross, Myette is in the _____ stage of dying.

A. anger

B. denial and isolation

C. bargaining

D. depression

B. denial and isolation

54. According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the second stage of dying?

A. Denial and isolation

B. Bargaining

C. Acceptance

D. Anger

D. Anger

55. According to Kübler-Ross, in the _____ stage of dying, the dying person recognizes that denial can no longer be maintained.

A. anger

B. bargaining

C. acceptance

D. isolation

A. anger

56. In the _____ stage of dying, the dying person's question is, "Why me?"

A. acceptance

B. denial

C. bargaining

D. anger

D. anger

57. According to Kübler-Ross, during the _____ stage of dying the realization of loss is great and those who symbolize life, energy, and competent functioning are especially salient targets of the dying person's resentment and jealousy.

A. bargaining

B. anger

C. depression

D. acceptance

B. anger

58. Which of the following is Kübler-Ross' third stage of dying?

A. Denial and isolation

B. Acceptance

C. Bargaining

D. Anger

C. Bargaining

59. According to Kübler-Ross, _____ is the stage of dying in which the person develops the hope that death can somehow be postponed or delayed.

A. bargaining

B. acceptance

C. depression

D. anger

A. bargaining

60. Ada knows that she has liver cancer and will not live much longer. In her prayers, she asks God to let her live one more year, and she will promise to set everything right with her family and loved ones. Which of Kübler-Ross' stages of dying is Ada currently in?

A. Bargaining

B. Denial

C. Anger

D. Acceptance

A. Bargaining

61. Josue has incurable cancer. However, he promises to lead a reformed life dedicated to God if God will spare his life. Josue is in which of Kübler-Ross' stages of dying?

A. Denial

B. Hope

C. Bargaining

D. Acceptance

C. Bargaining

62. Which of the following is Kübler-Ross' fourth stage of dying?

A. Depression

B. Acceptance

C. Bargaining

D. Anger

A. Depression

63. After accepting the certainty of death, a period of _____ or preparatory grief may appear.

A. anger

B. acceptance

C. bargaining

D. depression

D. depression

64. Terry, a terminally ill cancer patient, has finally accepted the certainty of her death. She is now refusing to have any visitors to her hospital room, and spends most of her time crying and grieving. Which of the following stages of dying is Terry most likely in?

A. Anger

B. Acceptance

C. Bargaining

D. Depression

D. Depression

65. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross believed that when a person is dying of a terminal illness, depression is:

A. a temporary phase that friends and family should help the person through as quickly as possible.

B. the first phase a person goes through when he or she learns that death is imminent.

C. part of the normal process of detaching the self from love objects.

D. an uncommon reaction that signals that the person needs professional counseling to cope with death.

C. part of the normal process of detaching the self from love objects.

66. According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, when a dying person finally accepts the fact of impending death and becomes depressed about it, which of the following would be most appropriate?

A. Remind the person of all his or her positive life achievements.

B. Tell humorous stories to cheer the person up.

C. Allow the person to experience and work through the depression.

D. Increase the person's medication dose so that he or she will have fewer negative thoughts or feelings.

C. Allow the person to experience and work through the depression.

67. Which of the following is Kübler-Ross' fifth stage of dying?

A. Depression

B. Acceptance

C. Bargaining

D. Anger

B. Acceptance

68. Kübler-Ross describes the _____ stage as the end of the dying struggle.

A. anger

B. acceptance

C. bargaining

D. depression

B. acceptance

69. Which of the following statements is an accurate criticism of Kübler-Ross's theory of dying?

A. She underestimated the amount of time people stay in the anger stage.

B. She did not consider that men and women go through each stage differently.

C. She did not demonstrate the existence of the five-stage sequence.

D. She ignored that most people do not realize they are dying.

C. She did not demonstrate the existence of the five-stage sequence.

70. For a terminally ill person, which of the following can be the most useful benefit of denying one's imminent death?

A. Denial allows the person to fully address the issue of death.

B. Denial helps shield family members from negative feelings.

C. Denial encourages the person to further develop his or her understanding of what will happen after death.

D. Denial can help to insulate the dying person from coping with intense feelings of anger.

D. Denial can help to insulate the dying person from coping with intense feelings of anger.

71. _____ can be used to avoid the destructive impact of shock by delaying the necessity of dealing with one's death.

A. Acceptance

B. Denial

C. Anger

D. Depression

B. Denial

72. Which of the following is an advantage of a dying individual knowing that he or she is dying?

A. The person can seek more aggressive medical interventions.

B. The person can move through the stages of dying more quickly.

C. The person can construct more effective means of denying death.

D. The person has time to reflect on his or her life and make decisions about dying.

D. The person has time to reflect on his or her life and make decisions about dying.

73. Most psychologists believe that it is best for dying individuals to:

A. be unaware of their condition.

B. limit their interaction with others.

C. know that they are dying.

D. distance themselves from family and friends.

C. know that they are dying.

74. Pining and preoccupation with thoughts of the deceased person are associated with:

A. separation anxiety.

B. stranger anxiety.

C. generalized anxiety.

D. palliative care.

A. separation anxiety.

75. According to your text, grief encompasses all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Despair

B. Relief

C. Sadness

D. Depression

B. Relief

76. Surviving spouses in the early stages of spousal bereavement are especially vulnerable:

A. on their anniversary.

B. when surrounded by family.

C. at church.

D. in the mornings.

A. on their anniversary.

77. Prolonged or complicated grief is associated with grief that lasts:

A. six hours.

B. six days.

C. six weeks.

D. six months.

D. six months.

78. Harold's wife died seven months ago, yet Harold still feels detached and believes his life has no meaning. Harold is experiencing:

A. complicated grief.

B. rare grief.

C. normal grief.

D. disenfranchised grief.

A. complicated grief.

79. Gina is MOST likely to experience disenfranchised grief if her _____ dies.

A. daughter

B. son

C. ex-husband

D. husband

C. ex-husband

80. _____ grief is grief over a deceased person that is socially ambiguous and cannot be openly mourned or supported.

A. Disenfranchised

B. Prolonged

C. Complicated

D. Real

A. Disenfranchised

81. _____ is the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love.

A. Grief

B. Anger

C. Obsession

D. Denial

A. Grief

82. An intermittent, recurrent wish or need to recover the deceased person is known as:

A. grief.

B. pining.

C. mourning.

D. obsession.

B. pining.

83. Other than pining for the lost person, which of the following is another dimension of grief over death?

A. Depression

B. Insomnia

C. Separation anxiety

D. Death wish

C. Separation anxiety

84. Which of the following MOST resembles the grieving process?

A. A year-long period of major depression

B. A roller coaster ride of emotions

C. An orderly progression of stages

D. A period of negative feelings that lasts around three months

B. A roller coaster ride of emotions

85. An estimated _____ percent of survivors experience normal or uncomplicated grief reactions that include sadness and even disbelief or considerable anguish.

A. 80 to 90

B. 70 to 80

C. 60 to 70

D. 50 to 60

A. 80 to 90

86. Six months after their loss, approximately _____ percent of survivors have difficulty moving on with their life, feel numb or detached, believe their life is empty without the deceased, and feel that the future has no meaning.

A. 10 to 20

B. 20 to 30

C. 30 to 40

D. 40 to 50

A. 10 to 20

87. Jamie lost his wife of many years. He is still experiencing enduring despair a year after her death. Holly Prigerson and her colleagues would label this as:

A. depressive grief.

B. extended grief.

C. abnormal grief.

D. prolonged grief.

D. prolonged grief.

88. Prolonged grief disorder is also known as:

A. depressive grief.

B. complicated grief.

C. abnormal grief.

D. extended grief.

B. complicated grief.

89. Deaths that are sudden, violent, or traumatic are likely to:

A. produce less intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness.

B. produce a shorter grieving process for the survivors than if the person died of a long illness.

C. produce more intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness.

D. produce no difference in either the intensity or the duration of the feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness.

C. produce more intense feelings in survivors than if the person died of a long illness.

90. Delilah lost her husband Hendricks to a bloody highway accident. Being just three years into marriage, she was devastated. Four months later, she was hassled by problems such as intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, nightmares, sleep disturbance, and problems in concentrating. Delilah is probably experiencing:

A. post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms.

B. restoration-oriented stress.

C. disenfranchised grief.

D. separation anxiety.

A. post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms.

91. Recent research suggests that being widowed is associated with an approximately _____ percent increase in risk of mortality.

A. 10

B. 25

C. 30

D. 50

D. 50

92. Worse mental health, but not worse physical health, was found in surviving spouses:

A. whose age was significantly different than their spouse's.

B. whose age was within five years of their deceased spouse's.

C. whose age was the same as their deceased spouse's.

D. whose age was very near that of their deceased spouse.

A. whose age was significantly different than their spouse’s.

93. Which of the following is NOT a thought associated with surviving spouses who did not believe they would be reunited with their deceased spouse in the afterlife?

A. Hope

B. Depression

C. Anger

D. Intrusive

A. Hope

94. One study by Kim revealed that finding meaning in the death of a spouse was linked to:

A. a higher level of denial during bereavement.

B. a higher level of fear during bereavement.

C. a lower level of acceptance during bereavement.

D. a lower level of anger during bereavement.

D. a lower level of anger during bereavement.

95. A study of more than 1,000 college students by Currier, Holland, & Neimeyer found that _____ was an important factor in their grieving of a violent loss by accident, homicide, or suicide.

A. making sense

B. denial and isolation

C. bargaining

D. perceived control

A. making sense

96. According to 2008 data, in the United States, _____ percent of men and _____ percent of women 65 years of age and older were widowed.

A. 25; 66

B. 13; 40

C. 44; 32

D. 10; 23

B. 13; 40

97. In which of the following countries is cremation most popular?

A. The United States

B. Mexico

C. Canada

D. Japan

D. Japan

98. Traditional Amish and Jewish cultures are similar in how they cope with death in that they both:

A. provide a lot of community support for the family over several months.

B. have elaborate funeral ceremonies in church to symbolize the last passage from Earth.

C. believe that grief is stronger for the whole community than for the individual family.

D. expect families to unite and cope together with only minimal support or interference from the rest of the community.

A. provide a lot of community support for the family over several months.

Damon has been terminally ill with multiple fractures to his skull. He has been in a vegetative state for over three years. Finally, his family agrees to end his suffering by removing him from the life-support system. This is an example of: