states of matter and gas laws

kinetic energy

the energy an object has becasue of its motion

3 assumptions of kinetic molecular theory

1. particles in a gas are considered to be small,hard spheres with insignificant volume

2. motion of particles in a gas is a rapid, constant motion

3. all collisions btwn particles in gas are perfectly elastic

why are gases more easily compressed than solids

gas particles are far apart

What causes gas pressure? how can it be measured using a barometer?

billions of rapidly moving particles in a gas simultaneously colliding w an object. it is measure by the height of a liquid column supported by that pressure. 

vacuum

an empty space w NO particles and NO pressure

relationship btwn atmosphere + elevation

atmospheric pressure decreases as elevation increases

absolute zero. what is the motion at this temp?

lowest temperature

equal to 0K -273.15 C

gas particles stop moving due to no kinetic energy

graph of temp against average kinetic energy

gas @ standard temp/pressure

p= 101.3 kPA

t= 273R

boyles law

(P + V) inverse

variable held constant= n, T

"Boyle’s Balloon"

Imagine a balloon:

• If you squeeze it (increase pressure), the volume shrinks.

• If you release it (decrease pressure), the volume expands.

Charles Law

(V + T) direct

variable held constant= P, n

charles connects vt

Gay Lussacs Law ( Great People Take Pride)

(P + T) direct

variable held constant= n,v

According to Charles’ Law, if the temperature of a contained gas at constant pressure is doubled, what will happen to the volume of the gas?

The volume of the gas will also double.

At constant temperature and amount of gas, if the pressure increases by a factor of 4, what happens to the volume of this gas?

The volume of the gas will decrease to one-fourth its original volume.

If temperature of a gas is halved, what will happen to the pressure of this gas if moles and volume are held constant?

The pressure of the gas will also be halved.

For a closed container of a gas, list three different ways to increase the pressure of the gas.

Increase the temperature, decrease the volume, or add more gas.

if there are no particles in space, there is ____ pressure

no

atmospheric pressure at sea level

760 mm Hg

Define the relationship between the temperature in kelvins and the average kinetic energy of gas particles.

directly proportional

Pressure

symbol- P

unit- kPa

Volume

symbol- V

unit- L

Temp

symbol- T

unit- K

number of moles (amt of gas)

symbol- n

unit- mol

combined gas law variable held constant

n