Bio Unit 4

Will C Wood Leonard (works for most bio classes though, but based off of leonards slides) , please let me know if I need to fix anything!!

Cell Membrane (What is it made out of)

Phospholipid Bilayer

Cell Membrane (Function)

Allows material in/out of cell aka SELECTIVE PERMEATION

Where is bacteria found

Soil, water, air, most surfaces, glacial ice

Photosynthesis (aka)

Autotrophic (aka)

Eukaryotes(energy source))

Photosynthetic predation (ingestion)

Golgi apparatus (function)

Packages material in places in the cell and out of the cell

Ribosome (Function)

Manufactures proteins

Lysosome (Function)

Digests macromolecules

Centrioles (Function)

Used in reproduction

Eukaryote (age/skill)

Younger/more advanced

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (er) (function

Just makes proteins in cells

DNA

Cell control center (nucleoid)

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (er) (Function)

Makes AND moves lipids

Pros, bacteria

Decomposes, produces antibodies, vaccines, insulin, produces food, digestion, cleaning up oil spills, defends us

Plant cell (diagram)

Eukaryotes (description of nucleus)

Large nucleus

Eukaryotes (unicellular/multicellular)

Can be both

Prokaryotes (energy source)

Photosynthesis, disease causing decomposers

Eukaryotic animal cell diagram

How to control bacteria

Pasteurization (heating), dehydration, freezing/cooling, disenfectant

Bacteria shape

Spherical, spiral, or Mike n ikes

Prokaryotes (age/skill)

Older/more primitive

Cytoplasm (function)

Jelly like matrix, contains all organelles and dissolved substances

Prokaryotes (unicellular/multicellular)

Unicellular/ bacteria

Bacteria cons

Causes disease, blue/green blooms (toxic), food spoilage

Mitochondria (function)

Cellular respiration, breaks down glucose

Cell membrane (function, made out of)

Protective layer made from carbohydrate complex

Cell theory

All living things made out of cells, cells come from other cells, cells basic unit of structure and function

Cell wall (function made out of)

Protects, provides structure, made out of cellulose

Vacuole (where is it found)

Plant only

Cell wall, (found where)

Plant only

Prokaryotes (description of nucleus)

No nucleus

Eukaryotes (description of organelles)

Many membrane bound organelles

Nucleus (diagram)

Central vacuole (function)

Stores water and dissolved substances

Prokaryotes (organelle description)

No membrane bound organelles

Parasites energy definition

Feeds off of other organisms, causes disease

Decomposer energy definition

Feeds off of dead matter

What is cellular transport used for?

Maintaining homeostasis

What makes up a phospholipid bilayer

Phosphate head and fatty acid tail

Phosphate head (attraction to h2o)

Hydrophilic (attraction to water)

Fatty acid tail (attraction to h20)

Hydrophobic (repulsion to water)

Are proteins embedded in cell membranes?

yes

Cell membranes are what type of permeable

Selectively permeable

Characteristics of molecules

Molecules have some type of attraction to other molecules, all molecules are moving constantly, all molecules are in different size/shape/arrangement

Passive transport

Cell dosen’t use energy to transport

Diffusion definition

The process of molecules spreading from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

Equilibrium definition

A state in which the concentrations of molecules are equal in different areas.

Osmosis definition

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

What is water is in a solution

Solvent (dissolves)

What sugar or salt is in a solution

Solute (dissolved substance)

Can water move freely through a cell membrane?

yes

Definition of tonicity

Environmental conditions

Hypotonic definition

The solution around the cell has a higher number of water compared to inside the cell

Effects of hypotonic diffusion

Animal cells may swell and burst because the cell is trying to absorb all the water

Definition of hypertonic

The solution around the cell has a lower number of water compared to inside the cell

Effects of hypertonic diffusion

Shrinking of a cell because the water is exiting the cell

Isotonic definition

Concentration of water inside cell is equal to concentration of water outside cell

Effects of isotonic diffusion

The cell stays the same because the exit of water is equal to the entering of it.

Thank you for using my flashcards!!

Remember to drink water, eat, and get enough sleep for finals!!❤