EMT Third Exam pt 2

Adult single rescuer compression ventilation ratios

30:2

Adult two-rescuer compression ventilation ratios

30:2 (compressor/ventilator swap more efficient)

Pediatric (child)/infant single rescuer

30:2

Pediatric/infant two-rescuer

15:2

Compression depth in Adult

2 inches

Compression depth in child

about 1/3 of chest depth (~2 inches / 5 cm depending on size).

compression depth in Infant

about 1/3 chest depth (~1.5 inches / 4 cm).

Foreign body airway obstruction relief

• Adult responsive

abdominal thrusts (Heimlich); if pregnant/obese, chest thrusts.

Foreign body airway obstruction relief Adult unresponsive

call for help, start CPR — after 30 compressions open mouth, remove visible object, attempt ventilations.

Child responsive/unresponsive

same as adult but use back blows/chest thrusts for infants; for <1 yr: 5 back blows + 5 chest thrusts; if unresponsive start CPR.

Infant responsive

5 back blows, 5 chest thrusts; unresponsive — CPR and look for object between ventilations.

BLS interventions used in cpr

high-quality CPR, AED use, basic airway adjuncts, BVM ventilation, use of pocket mask

ALS interventions in cpr

advanced airway placement (ET tube), IV/IO access, rhythm recognition, advanced drugs (epinephrine, amiodarone), advanced monitoring.

Tuberculosis

chronic cough, hemoptysis, night sweats, weight loss, fever-spread thru airborne droplets

Hepatitis (A/B/C)

jaundice, abdominal pain, dark urine, fatigue, spread thru fecal–oral; B/C: bloodborne (B sexual/vertical), C blood transfusion, needles.

Meningitis

fever, neck stiffness, photophobia, altered mental status, spread thru droplets or direct contact (depends on organism).

MRSA

skin abscesses, cellulitis; may have systemic signs if invasive, spread thru direct contact with infected/colonized person or surfaces.

Index of suspicion

clinician’s awareness that a particular disease/condition may be present based on clues

Infectious disease

illness caused by pathogenic organisms

Virulence

degree of pathogenicity/severity an organism can produce

Medical patient assessment priorities

rapid primary survey, vitals, focused history (SAMPLE), focused secondary exam guided by chief complaint

Trauma patient assessment priorities

scene safety, spine stabilization, rapid trauma assessment (DCAP-BTLS), control hemorrhage, rapid transport if unstable

Diseases preventable through vaccination (examples)

Measles, mumps, rubella, pertussis, tetanus, diphtheria, influenza, hepatitis A/B, HPV, pneumococcus (many more)

Primary goal of prehospital treatment for medical emergencies

Stabilize airway, breathing, and circulation and initiate interventions to prevent deterioration and get patient to definitive care.

When NOT to perform secondary assessment on medical patient

If patient is unstable (immediate life threats), altered mental status, or you must rapidly transport — prioritize continued primary interventions and rapid transport.

Common chief complaints associated with infectious diseases

Fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, vomiting/diarrhea, rash, ear pain, urinary symptoms

Assess patient responsiveness using AVPU

Alert → Voice → Pain → Unresponsive. Use to rapidly gauge level of consciousness and need for urgent interventions.